Castles of Steel by Robert K. Massie
679 “A British squadron was worsted”: Bacon, Scandal, 97.
679 “A want of tactical competence”: Ibid., xv.
679 “Beatty now made a decision”: Harper, Truth, 50–51.
679 “Then, full of ardor”: Bacon, Scandal, 90.
679 “It is unpalatable”: Harper, Truth, 69–70.
679 “Lord Beatty’s political power”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 462.
680 “the absence of even approximately”: Marder, III, 90, 93.
680 “the consequences to Britain”: Churchill, III, 110.
681 “the standpoint”: Ibid., 112.
681 “The dominant school”: Ibid., 111.
681 “The attempt to centralise”: Ibid., 169.
681 “the Royal Navy must find”: Ibid., 169–70.
681 “Mr. Churchill as he sits”: Bacon, Scandal, 194.
682 “He beckoned me over”: Gordon, 519.
682 “stayed on deck”: Ibid., 521.
683 “High Seas Fleet may be sighted”: Marder, III, 292.
683 “Scouting by airships”: Ibid., 298.
CHAPTER 35: AMERICA ENTERS THE WAR
686 “Where does incompetence”: Jarausch, 294.
686 “As you wish”: Görlitz, 199.
686 “I am ready”: Hindenburg, 81.
687 “When the Quartermaster General”: Kürenburg, 325.
687 “Every day is important”: Jarausch, 344.
688 “America had better”: Gerard, Four Years, 252.
688 “nothing more than a sieve”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 278.
689 “the decision for an unrestricted”: Ibid., 281.
689 “directly affects our relations”: Ibid.
689 “He kept us out of war”: Ritter, III, 301.
691 “Charles E. Hughes”: Heckscher, 415.
691 “the election of Mr. Hughes”: Baker, VI, 296.
691 “It was a little moth-eaten”: Heckscher, 415.
692 “if Germany won”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, I, 293.
692 “He holds no office”: Ibid., II, 113.
693 “Mr. House is my second personality”: Ibid., I, 115.
693 “You are the only person”: Ibid., 116.
693 “personal friend of the President”: Ibid., 247.
693 “Instead of sending”: Ibid., II, 113.
693 “My Dear Theodore”: Spring-Rice, II, 252.
693 “My Dear Cabot”: Ibid., 291.
693 “Uncle Henry”: Ibid., 180.
693 “a little book by a Jew-boy”: Ibid., 170.
693 “Jew bankers”: Ibid., 248.
693 “Jews capturing”: Ibid., 245.
693 “feeling a sympathy”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 99.
693 “At one time”: Ibid., 76.
693 “I would be glad”: Ibid.
693 “Sir Cecil’s nervous temperment”: Ibid., 57.
693 “There is a strong sense”: Spring-Rice, II, 343.
694 “Our blockade measures”: Ibid., 354.
694 “The President rarely”: Ibid., 366.
694 “I have been in Russia”: Ibid., 372.
694 “Here [in Washington]”: Ibid., 368.
694 “The president’s great talents”: Ibid., 374.
694 “There would come days”: Wilson, 116.
694 “There was one mistake”: Grey, II, 160.
695 “If Wilson wins”: Bernstorff, 244.
695 “The whole situation”: Ibid., 246.
695 “Demand for unrestricted”: Ibid., 254–55.
695 “Desirable to know”: Ibid., 260.
695 “We are thoroughly”: Ibid., 266.
695 “Urge no change”: Ibid., 260.
696 “The German people wish”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 126.
696 “a man broken”: Ibid., 121.
696 “Boiled Crow”: Curtain, 152.
696 “We are all gaunt”: Blücher, 158.
697 “To propose to make peace”: Cecil, II, 242.
697 “Intensified submarine war”: Jarausch, 297.
697 “was threatened by a peace move”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 127.
697 “In a deep moral”: Gerard, Four Years, 353–54.
698 “Soldiers!”: Ibid., 354.
698 “it was not unknown”: Chamberlain, 111.
698 “visibly flabbier”: Lloyd George, II, 411.
698 “to enter into a conference”: Cowles, 375.
698 “Since I do not believe”: Jarausch, 297.
699 “diplomatic and military preparations”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 294.
699 “It may be”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 404.
699 “we do not want”: Bernstorff, 275.
699 “I go to no conference”: Balfour, 371.
699 “butt in”: Lloyd George, II, 280.
699 “There had been”: Ibid.
700 “There will be no war”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 412.
700 “Ich pfeife”: Herwig, Politics of Frustration, 121.
700 “If it were not for”: Curtain, 120.
700 “30,000 killed”: Ibid., 121.
700 “An ambassador is supposed”: Gerard, Four Years, 219.
701 “to tell the kaiser”: Ibid.
701 “I have nothing”: Ibid.
701 “Your Excellency”: Ibid., 250.
701 “I said that”: Ibid., 366.
701 “While you might invent”: Ibid.
701 “Do you come”: Ibid., 339.
701 “charged Germany”: Ibid., 340.
701 “If two men”: Ibid., 341.
701 “If the chancellor”: Ibid., 342–43.
702 “Wilson and his press”: Ibid., 313.
702 “ ‘You are the American’ ”: Ibid., 226–27.
702 “We are fighting”: Balfour, 375.
702 “We must resume”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 293–94.
703 “for which I alone”: Ibid., 295–96.
703 “Unfortunately, our military situation”: Ibid., 298–99.
703 “A decision must be reached”: Scheer, 248.
703 “The backbone of England”: Ibid.
704 “We may reckon”: Ibid., 249–50.
704 “After our peace feelers”: Görlitz, 229.
704 “Oh, I am most unhappy”: Daisy of Pless, 256.
704 Buzzie: Ibid., 31.
705 “even if the chancellor”: Görlitz, 299.
705 “agitated and depressed”: Ibid.
705 “For two years”: Ibid.
705 “If the military authorities”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 340.
705 “in the course”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 139.
705 “I pledge on my word”: Reischach, 261.
705 “We are in a position”: Ludendorff, General Staff, 305.
705 “Of course, if”: Ibid., 306.
705 “I command”: Ibid.
706 “Have we lost”: Reischach, 260.
706 “American intervention”: Bernstorff, 281.
706 “This government”: Ibid., 280.
707 “war inevitable”: Ibid., 306.
707 “I do not care”: Görlitz, 232.
707 “Remarkable as this may sound”: Bernstorff, 302.
707 “Victory would mean”: Ibid., 310–14.
707 “Peace without victory”: Knock, 113.
707 “House suddenly”: Bernstorff, 319–20.
707 “Please thank the president”: Ibid.,7320–22.
708 “Agreed, reject”: Charles Seymour, American Neutrality, 24.
708 “striped like a barber’s pole: Tuchman, Practicing History, 168.
708 Handing the note: The Lansing-Bernstorff conversation is reported in Lansing, 211–12.
708 “the German people”: Bernstorff, 344.
708 “In America you wanted”: Ibid., 352.
708 “He looked up”: Tumulty, 254–55.
709 “You will see”: Gerard, Four Years, 376.
709 “contempt and h
709 “a fat, rich, race”: Trask, 44.
709 “gruesome”: Görlitz, 237.
709 “I refuse to believe”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, II, 442.
709 “The main point”: Spring-Rice, 377–78.
710 “He is endeavoring”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 162.
710 “leaking like a basket”: Wesley Frost, 88–91.
710 “a very jolly”: Charles Seymour, House Papers, I, 186.
711 “is filled with the best of intentions”: Bülow, III, 178.
711 “The United States does not dare”: Gerard, Four Years, 237.
711 “I told him”: Ibid.
711 “Gentlemen, there is”: Tuchman, Zimmermann Telegram, 113.
711 “relations between”: Gerard, Four Years, 363.
711 “so long as such men”: Bülow, III, 301.
712 “We intend”: The text of the Zimmermann telegram appears in Hendrick, III, 333.
713 “Good Lord”: Lansing, 228.
713 “Germany Seeks Alliance”: New York Times, March 1, 1917.
713 “If he does not go to war”: Heckscher, 435.
713 “a communication”: Ibid., 437.
713 “fanatical pro-German”: Lansing, 239.
713 “I shall never forget it”: Spring-Rice, 389.
713 “The present German”: Baker, VI, 510–14.
CHAPTER 36: THE DEFEAT OF THE U-BOATS
715 “a veritable cemetery”: Churchill, IV, 362.
717 “The shipping situation”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 125.
717 “The world’s ports”: Fayle, quoted by Marder, IV, 65.
717 “The position is exceedingly grave”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 146.
718 “dirty trick”: Kemp, 13.
719 “barbarous” and “contrary to the rules”: Sims, 144.
720 “Stand by”: Ibid., 185.
722 “vermin”: Chatterton, Gallant Gentlemen, 175.
722 “some of the most admirable”: Sims, 170.
722 “a record of gallantry”: Jellicoe, The Crisis of the Naval War, 73.
722 “A tramp steamer”: Campbell, 108.
722 “should the Officer”: Chatterton, Q-Ships, 193–94.
722 “Don’t speak”: Campbell, 187.
724 “a terrific explosion”: Ibid., 271.
726 “Mr. S. W. Davidson”: Sims, 4.
726 “rely upon the last ship”: Ibid., 79.
726 “Don’t let the British”: Klachko and Trask, 58.
726 “a small man”: Sims, 7–8.
726 Greeting his visitor: The Sims-Jellicoe conversation is reported in ibid., 9.
727 “a big, exuberant boy”: Ibid., 15–16.
728 “long and distant service”: Taffrail, 327.
728 “Wherever possible”: Marder, IV, 121.
728 “A submarine could remain”: Terraine, 53.
728 controlled sailings: Marder, IV, 138.
729 “totally insufficient”: Ibid., 122.
729 “Absolutely impossible”: Sims, 107.
730 “palsied and muddle-headed Admiralty”: Lloyd George, III, 95.
730 “atmosphere of crouching”: Ibid., 83.
730 “condition of utter despair”: Ibid., 81.
730 “paralytic documents”: Ibid., 80.
730 “fear-dimmed eyes”: Ibid., 85.
730 “stunned pessimism”: Ibid., 86.
730 “High Admirals”: Ibid., 108.
730 “men whose caution”: Ibid., 81, 95.
730 “announced his intent”: Ibid., 106.
730 “and spent”: Hankey, II, 650.
731 “On the 30th”: Beaverbrook, 155.
731 “Apparently the prospect”: Lloyd George, III, 107.
731 “a travesty”: Patterson, Jellicoe, 174.
731 “virtually preclude”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 114.
731 “My impression”: Marder, IV, 162.
731 “was the result”: Jellicoe, The Submarine Peril, 130–31.
731 “The little popinjay”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 388.
731 “something between”: Dangerfield, 22.
731 “My father”: Richard Lloyd George’s remarks are on pages 42 and 63 of his book, My Father, Lloyd George.
732 “had enjoyed more sleep”: Marder, IV, 186.
732 “too many eggs”: Ibid., 131.
733 “establish a square mile”: Sims, 111.
733 “The size of the sea”: Churchill, IV, 364.
733 “The oceans at once”: Doenitz, 4.
734 “the British nation”: Sims, 55.
734 “Dine in undress”: Ibid., 56.
734 “When will you be ready”: Ibid., 58.
735 “He watched over”: Ibid., 65.
735 Uncle Lewis: Ibid., 75.
735 “attributed his success”: Marder, II, 12–13.
735 “a peculiarly difficult man”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 213.
735 “I do not consider”: Ibid., 219.
735 “I have a suggestion”: Ibid., 225.
736 “To command you”: Bayly, 249.
736 “First, the depth charge”: Sims, 153–54.
737 “Then a propeller”: Ibid., 225.
737 “There was a lumbering noise”: Ibid., 226.
737 “All night long”: Ibid., 227.
737 “a sharp, piercing noise”: Ibid.
737 “In all, twenty-five shots”: Ibid.
737 “We have thirty-seven destroyers”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 163.
CHAPTER 37: JELLICOE LEAVES,BEATTY ARRIVES, AND THE AMERICANSCROSS THE ATLANTIC
739 “uncrowned King”: Marder, IV, 54.
739 “My only qualification”: Ibid., 55.
739 “As long as I am”: Beaverbrook, 151.
739 “I am overwhelmed”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 123.
739 “I spent from 10.30 a.m.”: Ibid., 127.
739 “The Imperial War Cabinet meets”: Ibid., 154.
739 “seedy but indomitable”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 139.
740 “You will remember”: Ibid., 156.
740 “I have got myself”: Ibid., 173.
740 “Wherever you read”: Beaverbrook, 162.
740 “the PM is hot”: Roskill, Hankey, 406.
740 “had his knife”: Marder, IV, 327.
740 “At one point”: The Carson-Jellicoe conversation is reported in Bacon, Jellicoe, 390.
740 “reptile press”: Marder, IV, 110.
740 “You kill him”: Ibid., 327.
740 “No one can feel”: Ibid., 323.
741 “The British Admiralty has done”: Anglo-American Naval Relations, 71.
741 “extraordinary folly”: Ibid., 107.
741 “It fell to me”: Marder, IV, 110.
741 “One can gather”: Jellicoe, Submarine Peril, 36.
741 “ambivalent”: Marder, IV, 327.
741 “what the intriguers set”: Beatty Papers, II, 174.
741 “J. J. was always”: Ibid., I, 426.
741 “I telephoned Mr. Pollen”: Ibid., 422.
741 “I talked to Pollen”: Ibid., 429.
742 “unless I were present”: Lloyd George, III, 113.
742 “a giant figure”: Sims, 258.
742 “masquerading”: Marder, IV, 213.
742 “a general today”: Ibid., 176.
742 “We have been upside down”: James, A Great Seaman, 159–60.
742 “used to bother me”: Ibid., 159.
742 “I said that the organisation”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 240–41.
743 “for his services”: Ibid., 243.
743 “After very careful”: Ibid., 246.
743 “I have received”: Ibid., 246–47.
743 “It’s a good thing”: Marder, IV, 341.
743 “Dear Sir”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 247.
743 “a title usually reserved”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 386.
743 “in the way I thought”: Jellicoe Papers, II, 246.
744 ?
744 “We had full confidence”: Ibid., 248.
744 “was the only man”: Ibid., 249.
744 “I would remind you”: Ibid., 250.
744 “we have realised”: Ibid., 254.
744 “disgraceful”: Ibid.
744 “mutinous”: Ibid., 255.
744 “scandalous”: Ibid.
744 “I cannot find words”: Ibid., 256.
744 “Never a man”: Ibid., 257.
744 “No one knows better”: Ibid., 260.
744 “I look upon”: Ibid.
744 “We want you back”: Ibid., 263.
744 “Sack the lot!”: Bacon, Jellicoe, 389.
745 “The whole time”: Beaverbrook, 181–82.
745 “At sea, a figure”: Gordon, 523.
745 “There was too much”: Roskill, Beatty, 206.
746 “One of my difficulties”: Jellicoe, Submarine Peril, 159.
746 “Only by keeping”: Beatty Papers, I, 462.
746 “The torpedo menace”: Ibid., 460.
747 “the correct strategy of the Grand Fleet”: Marder, V, 134.
747 “Luck was against us”: Ibid., IV, 298.
748 “We do have”: Ibid., 314.
748 “out of control”: Ibid., V, 151.
749 “because it is exercise”: Hunter, 17.
749 “Here, we can’t let it stand”: Ibid., 21.
749 “utterly unpredictable”: Marder, IV, 26.
749 “worse than Jutland”: Ibid.
750 “Darling Tata”: Roskill, Beatty, 203.
750 “You accuse me”: Chalmers, 216–17.
750 “You must give me”: Ibid.
750 His reply: These letters from Beatty to Eugenie appear on pages 204, 205, 209, 211, 217, 221, 223, 226, 230, and 231 of Stephen Roskill’s biography, Earl Beatty: The Last Naval Hero. Roskill, a former Royal Navy captain, was the official historian of the Royal Navy in World War II.
751 “You must know”: Beatty Papers, I, 449.
751 Eugenie asked Beatty: The letters that follow (including Beatty’s verse) appear on pages 235, 254, 255, 263, and 266 of Roskill, Beatty.
752 “dirty dog”: Beatty Papers, I, 386.
752 “a demagogue”: Ibid., 431.
752 Geddes a “dirty dog” and “weak as ditch water”: Ibid., 452.
752 “The Jew Montagu”: Ibid., 451.
752 Churchill “a dead dog” and “a disappointed blackguard”: Ibid., 445.
752 “a selfish beast”: Roskill, Beatty, 281.
752 “I am truly devoted”: Ibid., 265.
752 “Heaps of love”: Beatty Papers, II, 35.
752 “perpetual black despair” and “present dog’s life”: Roskill, Beatty, 304.
752 “quite impossible” and “an interesting young man”: Ibid., 341.
753 “The future position of the United States”: Jones, 6.