From the Tree to the Labyrinth: Historical Studies on the Sign and Interpretation by Umberto Eco
Apresjan, Jurij D., 553
Arabic language, 22, 96–98, 107, 108, 234, 454
Arbor Porphyriana (Porphyrian tree), 4–18, 26, 45, 169, 170, 193n20; Croce’s critique of, 532; Great Chain of Being and, 87; Llull’s scientific trees and, 33, 406; matrix compared with, 211; ontologies and, 60; open-ended conception of knowledge and, 55; purpose of, 35; schematism and, 481; semantics and, 550
Arbor scientiae [Tree of Science] (Llull), 33, 404–408
Archaeology, 85
Architecture, 25, 46, 58
Archytas, 109–110
Ariadne, thread of, 52
Ariosto, Ludovico, 539
Aristophanes, 209
Aristotelianism, 18, 296, 344
Aristotle, 1, 21n14, 88, 110, 154, 461; on accidents, 13; analogia entis and, 160; on animal language, 181; Arbor Porphyriana and, 4–5; concept of tragedy, 106; definition of animals, 549; on difference, 12; on genera, 10–11; on imitation of action, 490; on infinity, 526; on language, 174; Latin Aristotle, 96–97; Llull’s Ars and, 387–388; on metaphor, 62–67, 95, 115, 116–117, 169; on mnemotechnics, 78; on poet-theologians, 320; on semiotic triangle, 357–358; Tesauro and, 41, 42; works as encyclopedia, 23
Aristoteles Latinus (Latin Aristotle), 96, 202
Arithmetic, 31, 34
Arithmeticus nomenclator (Anonymous Spaniard), 434
Arithmologia (Kircher), 386
Ars excerpendi, 83–87
Ars Magna (Llull), 41, 386–397, 399, 413–414, 422
Ars magna sciendi (Kircher), 393–394
Ars Meliduna, 367
Ars oblivionalis, 78
Ars Poetica (Horace), 315
Ars signorum (Dalgarno), 42, 427
Ars versificatoria (Matthew of Vendôme), 106
Art, 146, 315, 543; authentication and, 229, 237; iconography of Christian art, 253; as instrument of philosophy, 319; as intellectual creation, 324; intuition-expression and, 534, 535; as language, 316; modern art, 309; Mozarabic, 255; Oriental, 324; of performance, 105; poetry’s status as, 140; Scholastic theory of, 318; work of art as unicum, 227n5, 236. See also Aesthetics
Art as Experience (Dewey), 545
Art et scolastique [Art and Scholasticism] (Maritain), 309, 311–313, 315, 317–319
Articulation, 207–214
Artificial intelligence, 4, 60
Asclepius, Hermetic, 230–231
Ascoli, Cecco d,’ 30
Assunto, Rosario, 334n23, 341
Astrology, 22, 25, 308, 386
Astronomy, 22, 23, 25, 31, 33; Llull’s trees and, 404; mnemotechnics and, 81
Attribution, 164, 166
Auctoritates (authoritative opinions), 243
Auerbach, Erich, 129n12, 132
Augustine, 1, 28–29, 111, 118, 135, 165, 342; on abstinence from meat, 186; on allegory, 134, 146, 155; authentication and, 231; authorized reading of Scripture and, 256; Bacon (Roger) and, 369; Bacon’s classification of signs and, 216, 217; Beatus and, 254; Manzoni and, 490; on millennium, 277, 280; on natural signs, 195, 217; on obscure and ambiguous signs, 133; on signs, 359–360, 364; Stoic influence and, 195–197
Augustine of Dacia, 132
Authentication: difficulties of authentication procedures, 229–235; at level of content, 232–234; at level of material support of text, 229–230; at level of textual manifestation, 230–232; with reference to known fact, 234–235
Authenticity, 237, 249
Auto-da-fé (Die Blendung, Canetti), 82n49
Autonomous invention, thesis of, 452, 453–454, 455
Averroes, 97–105, 114, 115, 395
Averroes in Rhetoricam (Hermann the German), 107–108
“Averroës’ Search” (Borges), 99
Avianus, 138
Avicenna, 107, 111, 114n21, 215n43, 305
Aznar, Camón, 255, 279
Bacon, Francis, 28, 36, 37, 38, 41, 47, 171–172, 425
Bacon, Roger, 112–115, 125, 215, 216–222, 247–248, 296n5, 359; on denotation, 369–374; epistemology and semantics of, 383; semiotic triangle and, 376
Balme, David M., 16
Baronio, Cesare, 281n11
Baroque period, 27, 35n23, 36, 192, 404
Barsalou, Lawrence, 60
Barthes, Roland, 354
Bartholomaeus Anglicus, 32, 135
Bartholomew of Bruges, 104
Basil of Caesarea, Saint, 182, 186
Baudelaire, Charles, 317, 323, 335
Bäumker, Clemens, 394
Beati, illustrated miniatures in, 252, 253, 265–268; 265–266, 266–268
Beatus of Liébana, 252–260; millennium and, 278–285; theological image of Jerusalem, 273–275; visualization of Scripture and, 260, 261, 264, 265, 269
“Beauté, propriété transcendentale chez les Néoscolastiques (1220–1270), La” (Pouillon), 340
Becher, Joachim, 430
Beck, Cave, 1, 42
Bede, Venerable, 120, 133, 232, 253, 255–258
Belot, Jean, 385
Beonio-Brocchieri Fumagalli, Maria, 21n13, 246, 353, 362
Bergson, Henri-Louis, 310, 312, 315
Berkeley, George, 458
Bermudo, Pedro (Anonymous Spaniard), 39, 434, 435
Bernard of Chartres, 123, 138, 244
Bernard of Clairvaux, Saint, 132, 244
Bernardus Sylvestris, 138
Bernart de Venzac, 122
Bertini, Ferruccio, 125
Bestiaries, medieval, 2, 29–30, 136, 143, 222; Chrysippus’s dog in, 186; symbols in, 322
Bible. See Scripture (Bible)
Bierwisch, Manfred, 553
Binkley, Peter, 21n13, 31
Biolez, Jean, 310n2
Biondo, Michelangelo, 222n51
Bioy-Casares, Adolfo, 91
Black, Max, 64
Boas, George, 175
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 147
Boehner, Philothetus, 374, 375, 377
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Torquatus Severinus 5, 6, 12, 96, 104, 126, 160, 207, 296, 401; on accidents, 12; De Bruyne’s historiography and, 338, 342, 343; on denotation, 358, 359–361, 378; Llull and, 401; on music, 169; on predications, 159; reading of Aristotle’s De interpretatione, 200–206, 208, 217n45, 247, 373; translation of Porphyry, 162
Boethius of Dacia, 296
Bogges, W. E. F., 107, 115n23
Boke Named The Governor, The (Elyot), 22
Bonaventure, Saint, 168, 251, 342
Bonfantini, Massimo, 485n12, 486
Book of Kells, 343n
Bord, Janet, 52
Borges, Jorge Luis, 75, 83–84, 91, 92, 99–100, 437–439, 536
Bori, Pier Cesare, 132n15
Borrowing: evident and multiple, 453, 454; obscure, 452, 453
Bosanquet, Bernard, 339
Botany, 24, 25, 46, 58, 434
Boullier, David Renaud, 182
Boundaries, demarcation of, 516–521
Bouvard et Pécuchet (Flaubert), 255
Brahe, Tycho, 487
Bréal, Michel, 548–549, 550, 558
Breviario d’estetica (Croce), 542
Brugnoli, Giorgio, 145n29, 146
Bruno, Giordano, 55, 84–85, 403, 419–420
Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de, 27, 183
Burgonovus, 385
Buridan, Jean, 113, 115, 343
Busi, Giulio, 308
Buti, Francesco da, 147
Butterworth, Charles E., 97n6, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104
Buyssens, Eric, 553
Cabbalism. See Kabbalism
Calboli Montefusco, Lucia, 62n34
Calboli, Gualtiero, 62n34
Cabrol, Fernand, 343n
Cajetanus, 160, 162
Calcidius, 286
Calimani, Riccardo, 307
Callahan, Leonard, 311
Callimachus, 24
Callisthenes, 24
Camillo, Giulio, 35, 75
Campanile, Achille, 556
Canaletto (Giovanni Canal), 537
Canetti, Elias, 82n49<
Cannocchiale aristotelico [“Aristotelian Telescope”] (Tesauro), 37–42, 127, 164
Carnap, Rudolf, 354, 550
Caro, Annibal, 571
Carolingian Palatine school, 32
Carrefours (crossroads), 69
Carreras y Artau, Joaquím, 406, 418
Carreras y Artau, Tomás, 406, 418
Cartesianism, 312
Casaubon, Isaac, 230, 235, 248
Cases, Cesare, 565
Cassirer, Ernst, 468n8, 474
Catedral de Urgell, Beatus of, 252
Categories (Aristotle), 4, 5, 96, 126, 161, 169
Cato of Utica, 148
Causality, 165, 459, 464, 465
Cecco d’Ascoli, 30
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Recognitions, 438
Celestial Hierarchy, The (Pseudo-Dionysius), 152–153, 156
Ceñal, Ramon, 40
Cevolini, Alberto, 83, 87, 87n53
Characteristica universalis, 46
Character pro notitia linguarum universalis (Becher), 430
Charity, principle of, 73, 272, 552, 555, 557
Charlemagne, 278
Chartres, school of, 342, 403
Chenu, M.-D., 244
Cherchi, Paolo, 21n13
Childers, Peter G., 57
Chinese ideograms and language, 425, 440
Chomsky, Noam, 297, 424
Christianity, 112, 230, 396, 425
Christie, Agatha, 91
Chrysippus, 175, 176, 177, 179, 181, 583
Churchill, Winston, 234–235
Cicero, 22, 74, 81, 83, 116, 119, 445
Clavius, Christopher, 420, 422
Clement of Alexandria, 129n12, 131
Cocteau, Jacques, 311
Cognitions, 513–514, 515, 522, 523, 524
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 336–337
Collison, R., 21n13
Columella, 185n12
Comenius, 422
Commedia (Dante), 105, 299, 307
Commentarius (Beatus), 261
Commentarius in Canticum canticorum (William of Saint-Thierry), 105
Common Writing, A (Lodwick), 42, 427
Communia Matematica (Roger Bacon), 112
“Communication and Convention” (Davidson), 555
Compagnon, Antoine, 243
Comparetti, Domenico, 138
Compendium artis demonstrativae (Llull), 400
Compendium studii theologiae (Roger Bacon), 369
Complementarity, 19, 69
Componential theory, 553
Computer science, 3, 473
Conclusiones cabalisticae (Pico della Mirandola) 411–412
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 183
Confessions (Augustine), 258
Connotation, 353, 379, 380–381, 382
Conrad of Hirsau, 137
Consilium de Encyclopedia (Leibniz), 46
Constitutum Constantini (Donation of Constantine), 228
Contra Gentiles (Thomas Aquinas), 17, 115
Contrariety, 19
Convivio (Dante), 145, 146, 148–149, 190
Copernican revolution, 55, 486
Copernicus, Nicolaus, 62
Coq et l’arlequin, Le (Cocteau), 312
Cordovero, Moses, 398
Corpus Dionysiacum, 230, 235, 239, 240
Corpus Hermeticum, 230, 240, 248
Corpus Hippocraticum, 194
Corti, Maria, 295, 296, 306
Corvino, Francesco, 378n16
Coseriu, Eugenio, 553
Cosmography, 34
Coumet, Ernest, 421
Counter-Reformation, 160, 321, 332
“Coup d’oeil sur le développement de la sémiotique” (Jakobson), 1
Courtés, Joseph, 551
Coussemaker, Edmond de, 242n31
Cratylus (Plato), 1, 212–213, 289, 440
Creative Intuition in Art and Poetry (Maritain), 319, 323–328, 336, 337
Critique of Judgment [third Critique] (Kant), 457, 461, 479, 481, 483, 485
Critique of Pure Reason [first Critique] (Kant), 457, 460, 462, 463, 466; on perceptual judgment, 469; schematism and, 471, 478; on time and memory, 474
Croce, Benedetto, 318, 339, 531–547
Cryptometrices et Cryptographiae (Selenus), 417
Curtius, Ernst Robert, 148, 320, 339n25
Cyrano de Bergerac, Hercule-Savinien de, 427
Dahan, Gilbert, 104, 111
D’Alembert, Jean-Baptiste Le Rond, 28, 47, 49, 52, 437
Dalgarno, George, 42, 425, 427, 432, 435, 463
Dante Alighieri, 42, 105, 122, 132, 135, 164, 537; Croce’s aesthetics and, 540, 541, 547n4; De Bruyne’s historiography and, 343; Hebrew as protolanguage and, 298–308; Maximal Encyclopedia and, 50–51; on metaphors, 125, 144–150; poetic allegorism in, 137; relation of language to experience and, 425; on souls of animals, 190–191; on speech acts in Genesis, 286–298; vernacular language and, 291–293, 294
Da Verona, Guido, 546
Davidson, Donald, 552, 555–557
De abstinentia [On Abstinence from Killing Animals] (Porphyry), 176, 178, 181, 186, 189
De anima (Aristotle), 96, 173, 174, 182
De anima (Avicenna), 125n43
De animalibus [On Animals] (Philo of Alexandria), 177–178
De Antechristo (Hippolytus), 282
De artibus liberalibus (Grosseteste), 111
De auditu kabbalistico (Llull), 414, 415
De Bestiis (attrib. Hugh of Fouilloy), 186, 192
Debenedetti Stow, Sandra 308
De Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambroise, Vicomte de, 441
De brutorum loqui (Fabrici d’Acquapendente), 221n50
De Bruyne, Edgar, 139, 238, 311, 315; historiographical lesson of, 338–345; intellectual intuition and, 345–352
Decadent movement, 312, 339
De causis (attrib. Aristotle), 240
De Chirico, Giorgio, 236
De civitate Dei (Augustine), 231, 277, 280
De claustro animae (Hugh of Fouilloy), 272
De coelo (Aristotle), 21n14, 96
De consolatione (Boethius), 104
Deconstructionists, 516, 570, 571
De corpore [Computatio sive logica] (Hobbes), 380–382
De dialectica (Augustine), 195
De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum (Bacon), 171–172
De disciplinis (Vives), 23
De divinis nominibus (Pseudo-Dionysius), 238
De divisione (Boethius), 12
De divisione naturae (Eriugena), 403
De divisione scientiae (John of Dacia), 111
De doctrina christiana (Augustine), 28–29, 195–197, 218n46, 233, 490
Dee, John, 385
Deely, John, 172n, 321n12, 348n34
De ente et essentia (Thomas Aquinas), 16–17
De fide catholica (Alan de Lille), 244
De generatione et corruptione (Aristotle), 96
De Gérando, Joseph-Marie, 436
De Ghellinck, J., 243n12
Degrés du savoir, Les [The Degrees of Knowledge] (Maritain), 317
De imagine mundi (Honorius of Autun), 135
De interpretatione (Aristotle), 96, 173, 200–206, 208, 357, 373; on symbola and semeia, 217; Thomist reading of, 125, 207, 364
“De la connaissance poétique” (Maritain), 319
De la grammatologie [Of Grammatology] (Derrida), 554–555
De lampade combinatoria Lulliana (Bruno), 420
De Leo, Pietro, 228
De l’esprit des choses (Saint-Martin, Louis-Claude de), 441
Deleuze, Gilles, 475
Della Volpe, Galvano 545
Del Rio, Martino, 385
De Lubac, Henri, 341
De magistro (Augustine), 195
Demaria, Cristina, 86n51, 89n54
De Mauro, Tullio, 457–458
De memoria (Aristotle), 182
Demetrius Phalereus, 119n4, 129n12
De mirabilibus auscultationibus, 24, 26–27
De modis sig
De motu animalum (Aristotle), 97
De Munnynk, Maurice, 313n5
De natura animalium [On the Nature of Animals] (Aelian), 24, 180–181
De naturis rerum (Neckham), 135
Denis the Carthusian, 343
Dennett, Daniel, 512
Denotation, 353–355, 383–384; Abelard and, 361–364; Anselm of Canterbury and, 361; Aristotle and medieval thinkers on, 357–361; Bacon (Roger) and, 369–373; Duns Scotus and the Modistae on, 373–374; Ockham and, 374–383; Peirce and, 355–357; suppositio and, 366–369; Thomas Aquinas and, 364–366
De occulta philosophia (Agrippa), 419
De oratore (Cicero), 74
De ornamentis verborum (Marbode of Rennes), 124
De ortu et tempore Antichristi (Adso of Montier-en-Der), 283
De proprietatibus rerum (Bartholomaeus Anglicus), 135
De pulchro et bono (Albertus Magnus, attrib. Thomas Aquinas), 238n10, 316, 511
De regimine principium (Giles of Rome), 307
De rerum natura (Lucretius), 23
De rerum naturis (Rabanus Maurus), 31–32, 135
De Rijk, Lambert, 366–368
Derisi, Octavio Nicolàs, 311n2
Derrida, Jacques, 554–555, 570
Descartes, René, 182, 245, 345, 435, 436
De schematibus et tropis (Bede), 120, 133
De scientiis (al-Farabi), 111, 112
De signis (Roger Bacon), 216, 219, 369, 370–372
De situ orbis (Mela), 24
De sollertia animalium [On the Intelligence of Animals] (Plutarch), 178
Des signes (De Gérando, Joseph-Marie), 436–437
De Trinitate (Augustine), 400–401
Deuterocanonical writings, 225
De vanitate scientarum (Agrippa), 75
De vetula (attrib. Ovid), 239
De vulgari eloquentia [DVE] (Dante), 286–298, 307, 424
Dewey, John, 487, 545
De Wulf, Maurice, 352
Dialectica (Abelard), 198, 362, 363
Dialecticae institutiones (Ramée), 34
Dialectica Monacensis, 127
Dialectics, 31
Dialectique (Ramée), 34
Dialogus super auctores (Conrad of Hirsau), 137
Dictionaries, 3–4, 42, 555; Arbor Porphyriana as first idea of dictionary, 4–18; in modern semantics, 18–21
Dictionary of the History of Ideas, 175
Dictionnaire de l’Archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie (Leclerc), 343n
Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences du langage (Greimas and Courtés), 551, 553
Didascalia in Rhetoricam Aristotelis ex glosa Alpharabi, 107
Didascalicon (Hugh of Saint Victor), 137
Diderot, Denis, 28
Difference, 6, 7–9, 9, 13, 19
Diogenes Laertius, 24
Dionysius the Areopagite, 233
Discours de la connoissance des bestes (Pardies), 182