Open Veins of Latin America by Eduardo Galeano
42. Speech to the American Booksellers Association, Washington, D.C., 10
June 1963, cited in David Wise and Thomas B. Ross, The Invisible Government (New York: Random House, 1964), p. 166.
43. J.P. and W.P. Robertson, Letters on Paraguay (London: John Murray, 1838).
44. John Kenneth Turner, Barbarous Mexico ( 1910; reprint ed., Austi n: University of Texas Press, 1969), p. 219.
45, Ibid., P. 223.
46. Ibid., p. 225.
47. John Womack, Jr., Zapata and the Mexican Revolution (New York: Vintage, 1968), p. 127.
48. Ibid., pp. 228-29.
49. Fernando Carmona, El drama de America Latina: el caso de Mexico (Mexico, 1964).
50. Edmundo Flores, "Adonde va la economia de Mexico?" Comercio exterior (Mexico), January 1970.
290
51. Rodolfo Stavenhagen, Fernando Paz Sanchez, Cuauhtemoc Cardenas, and Arturo Bonilla, Neolatifindismo y explotacion: de Emiliano Zapata a Anderson Clayton & Co. (Mexico, 1968).
52. Carlos Fuentes, The Death of Artemio Cruz (New York: Farrar Straus, 1964).
53. D.F. Maza Zavala, Explosion demografica y crecimiento economico (Caracas, 1970).
54. Paul Bairoch, Diagnostic de l'evolution economique du Tiers Monde, 1900-1966 (Paris, 1967).
55. Instituto de Economia de la Universidad del Uruguay, El proceso economico del Uruguay: contribucion al estudio de su evolucion y perspectivas (Montevideo, 1969).
56. Quoted in Dardo Cuneo, Comportamiento y crisis de la clase empresaria (Buenos Aires, 1967).
57. ECLA, Economic Survey of Latin America, 1964 and 1966, and ECLA/FAO Agricultural Division in collaboration with the Inter-American Development Bank, El uso de firtilizantes en America Latina (Santiago de Chile, 1966).
58. Darcy Ribeiro, The Americas and Civilization (New York: Dutton, 1971), p. 211.
Additional Bibliography for Chapter 2
Aguilar Monteverde, Alonso, and Carmona, Fernando. Mexico: riqueza y miseria. Mexico, 1968. Bagu, Sergio. Economia de la sociedad colonial: ensayo de historia comparada de America Latina. Buenos Aires, 1949, Baltra Cortes, Alberto. Problemas del
subdesarrollo economico
latinoamericano. Buenos Aires, 1966. Banco Cafetero. La industria cafetera en Colombia. Bogota, 1962,
Carneiro, Edison. 0 quilombo dos Palmares. Rio de Janeiro, 1966.
de Castro, Josue. The Geography of Hunger. Boston: Little Brown, 1952, de la Torre, Nelson. Evolucion economica de La Banda Oriental. Montevideo, 1967.
-. Estructura economico-social de la Colonia. Montevideo, 1968.
de la Torre, Nelson; Rodriguez, Julio C; and Sala de Touron, Lucia. Artigas., tierra y revolucion. Montevideo, 1967, 291
de Oliveira, Franklin. Revoluciony contrarrevolucion en el Brasil. Buenos Aires, 1965,
Duarte Pereira, Osny, Quem faz as leis no Brasil? Rio de Janeiro, 1966.
Faco, Rui. Cangaceiros e fandticos. Rio
de Janeiro, 1965.
Flores, Ana Maria. La magnitud del hambre en Mexico. Mexico, 1961. .
Furtado, Celso. The Development of Underdevelopment. Berkeley & Los Angeles: The University of California Press, 1964.
--. The Economic Development of Latin America: A Survey from Colonial Times to the Cuban Revolution. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1970,
-. The Economic Growth of Brazil. Berkeley & Los Angeles: The University of California Press, 1963.
-.Um projecto para o Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, 1969.
Galeano, Eduardo. "Los dioses y los diablos en las favelas de Rio." Amaru, June 1969.
-. Guatemala: Occupied Country. New York & London: Monthly Review Press, 1969.
-. "Uruguay:
Promise and Betrayal." In Latin America: Reform or Revolution? edited by James Petras and Maurice Zeitlin. New York: Fawcett, 1969.
Guzman Boeckler, Carlos, and Herbert, Jean-Loup. Guatemala: una interpretacion historico-social. Mexico, 1970.
Guzman Campos, German; Fals Borda, Orlando; Umana Luna, Eduardo. La violencia en Colombia: estudio de un proceso social Bogota, 1963-64.
Harlow, Vincent T. History of Barbados. Oxford, 1926.Inter-American Committee for Agricultural Development.
Guatemala:
Land Tenure Conditions and SocioEconomic Development of the Agricultural Sector. Washington, 1965.
Jenks, Leland H. Our Cuban Colony. New York: Vanguard Press, 1928.
Julien, Claude. America's Empire. New York: Pantheon, 1971.
Kirkland, Edward C. A History of American Economic Life. 1932; reprint ed.
New York: Appleton, 1969.
Monbeig, Pierre. Pionniers et planteurs de Sao Paulo. Paris, 1952.
Nunez jimenez, A. Geografia de Cuba. Havana, 1959.
292
Ortiz, Fernando. Cuban Counterpoint: Tobacco and Sugar. New York:Vintage, 1970.
Panorama Economico Latinoamericano (Havana), September 1963.
Prado, Caio Jr. Formacao do Brasil contemporaneo. Sao Paulo, 1942.
- Historia economica del Brasil. Buenos Aires, 1960.
Prensa Latina, 13 October 1970. Report by Cuba to the Eleventh Food and Agricultural Organization Regional Conference.
Rangel, Domingo Alberto. Capital y desarrollo. Caracas, 1969.
Reyes Abadie, Washington; Bruschera, Oscar H.; and Melogno, Tabare. El ciclo artiguista. Montevideo, 1968.
Rodrigues, Nina. Os africanos no Brasil Rio de Janeiro, 1932.
Schilling, Paulo. "Un nuevo genocidio." Marcha (Montevideo), 10 July 1970.
Seers, Dudley; Bianchi, Andres; Jolly, Richard; and Wolff, Max. Cuba: The Economic and Social Revolution. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1964.
Selser, Gregorio. Diplomacia, garrote y dolares en America Latina. Buenos Aires, 1962.
-. Sandino, general de hombres libres. Buenos Aires, 1959.
Silva Herzog, Jesus. Breve historia de la Revolucion Mexicana.
Mexico/Buenos Aires, 1969.
Torres-Rivas, Edelberto. Interpretacion del desarrollo social centroamericano.
Santiago de Chile, 1969.
Trias, Vivian. Reforma agraria en el Uruguay. Montevideo, 1962.
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization. Yearbook of Production, 1965.
Wettstein, German, and Rudolf, Juan. "La sociedad rural." Nuestra Tierra (Montevideo), no. 16 (1969).
Notes to Chapter 3: The Invisible Sources of Power, pp. 134-70
1. Philip Courtney, paper presented to the Second International Congress on Savings and Investment, Brussels, 1959.
2. Parliamentary Investigation Commission report of the sale of Brazilian land to physically or juridically foreign persons, Brasilia, 3 June 1968.
3. Correio da Manha (Rio de Janciro), 30 January 1968.
4. Quoted in Emilio Romero, Historia economica del Peru (Buenos Aires, 1949).
293
5. Oscar Berudez, Historia del salitre desde sus origenes hasta la Guerra del Pacifico (Santiago de Chile, 1963).
6, Hernan Ramirez Necochea, Balmaceda y la contrarrevolucion de 1891
(Santiago de Chile, 1969).
7. Sergio Almaraz Paz, El poder y la caida: el estano en la historia de Bolivia (La Paz/Cochabamba, 1967).
8. Almaraz Paz, Requiem para una republica (La Paz, 1969).
9. "Immovable Mountains," Fortune, April 1965, p. 63, 10. Quoted in Mario Pedrosa, A opcao brasileira (Rio de Janeiro, 1966).
11. New York Times, 3 April 1964.
12. According to the daily 0 estado de Sao Paulo, 4 May 1964.
13. Eugene Methvin in Selecciones del Reader's Digest, December 1966.
14. According to data published by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and quoted in Francisco Mieres, El petroleo y la problematica estructural venezolana (Caracas, 1969).
15. Harvey O'Connor, World Crisis in Oil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1962), p. 112.
16. Jesus Silva Herzog, Historia de la expropiacion de las empresas petroleras (Mexico, 1964).
17. See Conjuntura economica (Rio de janeiro), no. 9, 1970, for a list of the fifty biggest enterprises; Petrobras heads the list.
18. Correio da Manha, February 19, 1967, published a long excerpt from the report.
19. Statement by Marcio Leite Cesarino, an engineer, in Correio da Manha, 28
January 1967.
20. O'Connor, Worrd Crisis in Oil p . 172.
21. Rene Zavaleta Mercado, Bolivia: el desarrollo de la conciencia nacional (Montevideo, 1967).
22. Quoted in Guarania (Buenos Aires), November 1934.
23 . NACLA Newsletter (New York), February 1969. The Newsletter published a photostat of this letter, taken from the Truman Library.
24. Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz, quoted in Revista juridica (Cochabamba), special edition, 1967.
25. See Richard N. Goodwin, "Letter from Peru," New Yorker, 17 May 1969.
26. Time (Latin American edition), I 1 September 1953.
294
Additional Bibliography for Chapter 3
Alameda Ospina, Raul. Esquina (Bogota), 1968.
Alves, Hermano. "Aerofotogrametria." Correio da Manha (Rio de Janciro), 8
June 1967.
Araujo, Orlando. Operacion Puerto Rico sobre Venezuela. Caracas, 1967.
Baran, Paul A. and Sweezy, Paul M. Monopoly Capitat New York: Monthly Review Press, 1966.
Brito, Federico. Venezuela siglo XX. Havana, 1967.
Cademartori, jose. La economia chilena. Santiago de Chile, 1968.
Duarte Pereira, Osny Ferro e independENcia: um desafio a dignidad nacional Rio de Janeiro, 1967.
ECLA. Economic Survey of Latin America 1969. New York/Santiago de Chile, 1970.
Faicon Urbano, M. A. Desarrollo e industrializacion de Venezuela. Caracas, 1969.
Geyer, Georgie Anne. "Seized U.S. Oil Firm Made Napalm." New York Post, 7
April 1969,
Julien, Claude. America's Empire. New York: Pantheon, 1971.
Krehm, William. Democracia y tiranias en el Caribe. Buenos Aires, 1959.
Lieuwen, Edwin. The United States and the Challenge to the Security af Latin America. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1966.
Magdoff, Harry. The Age of Imperialism. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969.
Maza Zavala, D. F.; de la Plaza, Salvador; Mejia, Pedro Esteban; and Montiel Ortega, Leonardo. Perfiles de la economia venezolana. Caracas, 1964.
Mariategui, Jose Carlos. Seven Interpretive Essays on the Peruvian Reality.
Austin and London: University of Texas Press, 197 I.
O'Connor, Harvey. The Empire of 0il. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1955.
Quintero, Rodolfo. La cultura del petroleo. Caracas, 1968.
Ramirez Necochea, Hernan. Historia del imperialismo en Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1960.
Rangel, Domingo Alberto. El proceso del capitalismo contemporaneo en Venezuela, Caracas, 1968.
Reno, Philip. "Aluminum Profits and Caribbean People." Monthly Review, October 1963.
-. The Ordeal of British Guiana. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1964.
295
Samhaber, Ernst. Sudamerica, biografia de un continente. Buenos Aires, 1946.
Schilling, Paulo R. Brasil para extranjeros. Montevideo, 1966.
Siekman, Philip. "When Executives Turn Revolutionaries." Fortune, July 1964.
Stacchini, Jose. Mobilizacao de auddcia. Sao Paulo, 1965.
Suttie, R.I, "Copper Substitution." In Finance and Development. Washington, D.C.: International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development, June 1969.
Tanzer, Michael. The Political Economy of international Oil and the Underdeveloped Countries. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.
Trias, Vivian, Imperialismo y petroleo en el Uruguay. Montevideo, 1963.
Uslar Pictri, Arturo. "Tiene un porvenir la juventud venezolana?"
CuadernosAmericanos (Mexico), March-April 1968.
Vera, Mario and Catalan, Elmo. La encrucijada del cobre. Santiago de Chile 1965.
Notes to Chapter 4: Tales of Premature Death, pp. 173-204
1 . Letter from Canning to Lord Grenville, as quoted in William W.
Kaufmann, British Policy and the Independence of Latin America, 1804-1828 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1951), p. 178.
2. Manfred Kossok, El Virreinato del Rio de la Plata: su estructura economico-social (Buenos Aires, 1959).
3. H.S. Ferns, Britain and Argentina in the Nineteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960), p. 11.
4. Alexander von Humboldt, Political Essay on the Kingdom of new Spain (London, 1811), Book IV, Chapter XII
5. Caio Prado Jr., Historia economica del Brasil (Buenos Aires, 1960).
6. The University Society, Bolivia en el primer centenario de su independencia (La Paz, 1925).
7. Sir Woodbine Parish, Buenos Ayres and the Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (London: John Murray, 1839), p. 338.
8. Paulo Schilling, Brasil para extranjeros (Montevideo, 1966).
9. Gustavo Beyhaut, Raices contempordneas de America Latina (Buenos Aires, 1964).
10. Hernan Ramirez Necochea, Historiadel imperialismo en Chile (Santiago de Chile, 1960).
296
11. Karl Marx, "On the Question of Free Trade," in The Poverty of Philosopby (New York: International Publishers, 1963), p. 223.
12. Luis Chavez Orozco, La industria de transforrmcion mexicana, 1821-1867.
Coleccion de documentos para la historia del comercio exterior de Mexico, Vol. 7 (Mexico: Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, 1962).
13. Alonso Aguilar Monteverde, Dialectica de la economia mexicana (Mexico, 1968).
14. Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, Coleccion, Vol. 3.
15. Dardo de la Vega Diaz, La Rioja Heroica (Mendoza, 1965).
16. Literal translation. (Trans.)
17. Quoted in Miron Burgin, The Economic Aspects of Argentine Federalism, 1820-1852 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1946), p. 141.
18. Juan Alvarez, Las guerras civiles argentinas (Buenos Aires, 1912).
19. John F. Cady, La intervencion extranjera en el Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires, 1943).
20. Vivian Trias, Juan Manuel de Rosas (Montevideo, 1970).
21. Speech by Gervasio A. de Posadas, cited in Dardo Cuneo, Comportamiento y crisis de la clase empresaria (Buenos Aires, 1967).
22. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, Facundo (Buenos Aires, 1952).
23. Mario Marguls, Migracion y marginalidad en la sociedad argentine (Buenos Aires, 1968).
24. Pablo Neruda, Obras completes, vol. I (Buenos Aires, 1967), section entitled "La Arena traicionada. "
25. Jorge Abelardo Ramos, Historia de la nacion latinoamericana (Buenos Aires, 1968).
26. National Technical Planning Secretariat, Plan nacional de desarrollo economico y social (Asuncion, 1966).
27. Quoted in R. Scalabrini Ortiz, Politica britanica en el Rio de la Plata (Buenos Aires, 1940).
28. Celso Furtado, The Economic Growth of Brazil (Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1963),p. 117.
29. Robert Schnerb, Le XlXe. Siecle: l'apogee de l'expansion europeenne, 1815-1914 (Paris, 1968).
30. J. Eduardo Retondo, El bosque y la industria forestal en Santiago del Estero (Santiago del Estero, 1962).
297
31. Quoted in Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (New York and London: Monthly Review Press, 1967), p.
164, and retranslated from the Spanish.
32. Edward C. Krkland, A History of American Economic Life ( 1932; reprint ed., New York: Appleton, 1969).
33. Furtado, Economic Growtb of Brazil, p. 109.
34. Ralph Waldo Emerson,"'The American Scholar," in The Complete Essays and Other Writings of Ralf Waldo Emerson (New York: Modem Library, 1950), pp. 62-63.
35. See C. Vann Woodward, Origins of the New South, 1879-1913 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1951).
Additional Bibliography for Chapter 4
Alb
Alen Lascano, Luis C. Imperialismo y comercio libre. Buenos Aires, 1963.
Bazan, Armando Raul. "Las bases sociales de la montonera." . Revista de historia Americana y argentine (Mendoza), 1962./1963.
Bazant, Jan. "Estudio sobre la productividad de la industria algodonera mexicana en 1843-1845." In Colecion de documentos para la historia del comercio exterior de Mexico. Mexico: Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, 1962.
Box, Pelham Horton. Los origenes de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza. Buenos Aires/Asuncion, 1958.
Busaniche, Jose Luis . Rosas visto por sus contemporaneos. Buenos Aires, 1955.
Cardozo, Efraim. El imperio del Brasil y el Rio de la Plata, Buenos Aires, 1961.
Chaves, Julio Cesar. El Presidente Lopez. Buenos Aires, 1955.
Levene, Ricardo. "Introduction" to Docuntentos para la historia argentine (1919). Buenos Aires, 1962.
Manchester, Alan K. British Preeminence in Brazil: Its Rise and Fall. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1933.
Mitre, Barrolome and Gomez, Juan Carlos. Cartas polemicas sobre la guerra del Paraguay. Buenos Aires, 1940.
Normano, J. F. Evolucao economica do Brasil. Sdo Paulo, 1934.
298
Ortega Pena, Rodolfo and Duhalde, Eduardo Luis. Felipe Varela contra el Imperio Britanico. Buenos Aires, 1966.
Pereyra, Carlos. Francisco Solano Lopez y la guerra del Paraguay. Buenos Aires, 1945.
Perez Acosta, Juan F. Carlos Antonio Lopez, obrero maxzmo: labor administrative y constructive. Asuncion, 1948.
Pierce, H. H. The Railroads of New York: A Study of Government Aid, 1826-1875. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1953.
Ramirez Necochea, Hernan, Antecedentes economicos de la independencia de Chile. Santiago de Chile, 1959.
Rippy, J. Fred. British Investments in Latin America: A Case Study in the Operation Of Private Enterprise in Retarded Regions, 1822-1949, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1959.
Romero, Emilio. Historia economica del Peru. Buenos Aires, 1949.
Rosa, Jose Maria. La guerra del Paraguay y las montoneras argentinas.
Buenos Aires, 1965.
Santos Martinez, Pedro, Las industries durante el Virreinato, 1776-1810.
Buenos Aires, 1969,
Veliz, Claudio. "La mesa de tres patas." Desarrollo economico (Santiago de Chile), September 1963,