Team of Rivals by Doris Kearns Goodwin
“was already seated…agreeable, and sprightly”: Ibid., pp. 41–42.
“easily…or Reynolds”: Belden and Belden, So Fell the Angels, pp. 5–6.
“In reality…charm and magnetism”: Mrs. Charles Walker, quoted in Cincinnati Enquirer, August 1, 1899.
“I shall be glad…me at any time”: Cincinnati Enquirer, August 1, 1899; Belden and Belden, So Fell the Angels, p. 4 (italics from Belden and Belden).
“there was a Babel…he is famous”: Entry for March 28, 1861, in Russell, My Diary North and South, pp. 43, 44.
“according to recent…slave-holding States”: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. III, p. 394.
“A very oppressive silence…not General”: MB to GW, May 17, 1873, reel 25, Welles Papers.
“timid temporizing…you are lost”: FPB, Sr., to Martin Van Buren, May 1, 1861, reel 34, Papers of Martin Van Buren, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
Lincoln was unable to sleep: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. III, p. 395.
“of all the trials…to survive them”: Memorandum, July 3, 1861, quoted in Nicolay, With Lincoln in the White House, p. 46.
Lincoln presented…“for his expedition”: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. III, pp. 429–33 (quote p. 433).
“would be impossible…of time”: JGN to TB, March 31, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
“it was finally…to go to war”: George Harrington, “President Lincoln and His Cabinet: Inside Glimpses,” undated, unpublished manuscript, George R. Harrington Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo.
“a peaceful…of the whole north”: Frederick L. Roberts to WHS, March 18, 1861, reel 62, Seward Papers.
“Unionists…save the country”: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe to WHS, April 3, 1861, reel 63, Seward Papers.
“no conception…equal to the hour”: Entries for March 28 (first quote) and March 31, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.
“two supreme illusions”: Frederic Bancroft, “Seward’s Proposition of April 1, 1861, For a Foreign War and a Dictatorship,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 99 (October 1899), p. 791.
Three commissioners…resorted to an indirect link: Thomas, Abraham Lincoln, pp. 250–51.
“would be evacuated…next five days”: Ellsworth D. Draper and Joshua L. Rosenbloom, “Secession C: Fort Sumter: The Near Fiasco,” p. 9, Case Study, Lincoln and Fort Sumter, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1983, author’s collection.
“Some thoughts for the President’s consideration”: WHS to AL, April 1, 1861, Lincoln Papers.
“handwriting…hands of any clerk”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 149.
“We are…domestic or foreign”: WHS to AL, “Some thoughts for the President’s consideration,” April 1, 1861, Lincoln Papers.
“the symbolism of Federal authority”: Draper and Rosenbloom, “Secession C: Fort Sumter,” p. 11.
under the heading of “For Foreign Nations”: Norman B. Ferris, “Lincoln and Seward in Civil War Diplomacy: Their Relationship at the Outset Reexamined,” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 12 (1991), pp. 25–26.
“that there was no…the ruling party”: WHS, quoted by Rudolf Schleiden, quoted in Richard N. Current, “Comment,” JALA (1991), p. 45.
“whatever policy…assume responsibility”: WHS to AL, “Some thoughts for the President’s consideration,” April 1, 1861, Lincoln Papers.
“had Mr. Lincoln…the whole affair”: Nicolay, A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 186, 187.
dashed off a reply…to respond in person: Donald, Lincoln, p. 290.
“without a policy…I must do it”: AL to WHS, April 1, 1861, in CW, IV, pp. 316–17.
“to put down…this thing through”: Entry for March 31, 1861, private journal of Montgomery Meigs (copy), container 13, Nicolay Papers.
“fit out the Powhatan…she is fitting out”: AL to Andrew H. Foote, April 1, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 314.
three hundred sailors: Fox to MB, April 17, 1861, in Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox, p. 33; “Result of G.V. Fox’s Plan for Reinforcing Fort Sumpter; In His Own Writing,” reprinted in ibid., p. 39.
assigned the Powhatan simultaneously to both Pickens and Sumpter: “Result of G.V. Fox’s Plan for Reinforcing Fort Sumpter” p. 40; Fox to his wife [Virginia Woodbury Fox], May 2, 1861, ibid., pp. 42–43.
“Your father says…put my name?”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 148.
“leave New York…disposing of your force”: Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 22–23.
“I am directed…without further notice”: Simon Cameron to Robert S. Chew, April 6, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 323.
Lincoln had devised a means: Don E. Fehrenbacher, “Lincoln’s Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days,” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 9 (1987), esp. p. 7.
“embarrassed by…errors imputed to them”: Welles diary, Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 23–25.
Porter had already set sail…had priority: Hoogenboom, “Gustavus Fox and the Relief of Fort Sumter,” CWH (1963), p. 392.
Fox reached Charleston…futilely searching: Fox to MB, April 17, 1861, in Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox, p. 32.
At 3:30 a.m…. in one hour: James Chesnut, Jr., and Stephen D. Lee to Robert Anderson, April 12, 1861, enclosure 5 of Robert Anderson to Lorenzo Thomas, April 19, 1861, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. I, p. 14.
Anderson’s small garrison…“fighting launches”: Fox to MB, April 17, 1861, in Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox, pp. 32–34 (quote p. 33).
“the conflagration…taken refuge”: Abner Doubleday, Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie in 1860–’61 (New York: Harper & Bros., 1876), p. 157.
Thirty-four hours after…surrendered: Robert Anderson to Simon Cameron, April 18, 1860, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. I, p. 12.
a dignified fifty-round salute: Entry of April 14, 1861, Diary of Edmund Ruffin, Vol. I, ed. William Kauffmann Scarborough (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972), p. 599; Robert Anderson to Simon Cameron, April 18, 1860, OR, Ser. 1, Vol. I, p. 12.
only one Union soldier: David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, “Fort Sumter, Bombardment of 12–14 April 1861,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History, ed. David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler (New York and London: W. W. Norton, 2000), p. 760. Another soldier was mortally wounded in the explosion.
“it would be…of his friend”: Hamilton Basso, Beauregard: The Great Creole (New York and London: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933), p. 84.
Convinced that…“the general public”: “Result of G.V. Fox’s Plan for Reinforcing Fort Sumpter,” in Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox, p. 41.
“by an accident…justified by the result”: AL to Gustavus V. Fox, in CW, IV, pp. 350–51.
“but beyond…no using of force”: AL, “First Inaugural Address—Final Text,” March 4, 1861, in ibid., p. 266.
fatalities: “The Price in Blood: Casualties in the Civil War,” www.civilwarhome/casualties.htm., accessed July 2005.
CHAPTER 13: “THE BALL HAS OPENED”
“where the great lamps…question of disunion”: Walt Whitman, Specimen Days, The Complete Prose Works of Walt Whitman, Vol. I (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1902), pp. 28–30.
“Our people now…is dead”: Daily National Intelligencer, Washington, D.C., April 15, 1861.
“The ball has opened…their glasses”: NYT, April 13, 1861.
cabinet session…“to invite disaster”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 152.
“history tells us…lose their heads”: WHS, quoted in entry for March 26, 1861, in Russell, My Diary North and South, p. 35.
set the Fourth of July…“by the Executive”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 152.
Nicolay made a copy: JGN to TB, April 14, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
Lincoln took a carriage ride: JGN to TB, April 14, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
he welcomed his old rival…would be dead: Sandburg, Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Vol. I, p. 213; entry for June 3, 1861, in Long, The Civil War Day by Day, p. 82.
his solid support…“maintain the Government”: Daily Morning Chronicle, Washington, D.C., October 16, 1864.
“In this hour…treason and traitors”: New York Leader (first quote) and Boston Herald (second quote), reprinted in NYTrib, April 15, 1861.
“The response…by telegraph”: Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 153.
“We begin to look…a week ago”: Entry for April 15, 1861, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, pp. 120–21.
Seward predicted…in sixty days: Carpenter, “A Day with Governor Seward,” Seward Papers.
“be bloody…and ruin”: “Washington Correspondence, 16 April 1861,” in Hay, Lincoln’s Journalist, p. 58.
“for the wicked…Southern States”: Governor of Kentucky (Beriah Magoffin), quoted in Seward, Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat, p. 154.
Virginia seceded from the Union: Long, The Civil War Day by Day, p. 60.
“one of the most…history”: J. G. Randall, Lincoln the President. Vol. I: Springfield to Gettysburg, part I (New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1946–55; New York: Da Capo Press, 1997), p. 357.
“We never saw”…soon be fifteen: Daily Picayune, New Orleans, April 19, 1861, morning edition (first and second quote), afternoon edition (third quote).
“the very best…in the field”: General Winfield Scott, quoted in The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, ed. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, for the Virginia Civil War Commission, 1961), p. 3.
Lincoln had designated Blair: Robert E. Lee to Reverdy Johnson, February 25, 1868, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, p. 4.
“I come to you…the Union army?”: FPB, quoted in William Ernest Smith, The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics, Vol. II (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933), p. 17.
“as candidly and as courteously”: Lee to Johnson, February 25, 1868, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, p. 4.
“Mr. Blair…my native state?”: R. E. Lee, quoted in National Intelligencer, Washington, D.C., August 9, 1866.
Lee called upon old General Scott: Lee to Johnson, February 25, 1868, in Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, p. 4
he contacted Scott…“be dear to me”: Lee to Scott, April 20, 1861, in ibid., pp. 8–9 (quotes p. 9).
“Now we are in…draw my sword”: Lee to Anne Marshall, April 20, 1861, in ibid., pp. 9–10.
Lee was designated…Virginia state forces: Ibid., pp. 3, 4, 5.
Benjamin Hardin Helm: “Helm, Benjamin Hardin (1831–1863),” in Stewart Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Confederacy (New York: Facts on File, 1988), p. 125.
While conducting business…“liking of men”: Helm, The True Story of Mary, p. 127.
“Southern-rights Democrat”: Ibid., pp. 128, 183.
“Ben, here is…your honor bid”: Daily Picayune, New Orleans, March 14, 1897 (quotes); AL to Simon Cameron, April 16, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 335.
Helm unable to sleep…“hour of his life”: Daily Picayune, New Orleans, March 14, 1897.
a Commission in the Confederate Army: “Helm, Benjamin Hardin,” in Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Confederacy, p. 125.
Seward argued…seize vessels: Ivan Musicant, Divided Waters: The Naval History of the Civil War (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), pp. 51–52.
Welles countered…exiting ships: Niven, Gideon Welles, p. 356; Musicant, Divided Waters, p. 51.
The cabinet split down the middle: Niven, Gideon Welles, p. 356.
formal blockade proclamation: AL, “Proclamation of a Blockade,” April 19, 1861, in CW, IV, pp. 338–39.
Welles and the Navy Department: Robert V. Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War (Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1956), pp. 6, 16; Musicant, Divided Waters, pp. 41–43.
a wedding celebration: Grimsley, “Six Months in the White House,” JISHS, p. 51; Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 9.
“would soon secede…Confederacy”: Craig L. Symonds, “Buchanan, Franklin,” in Encyclopedia of the American Civil War, ed. Heidler and Heidler, p. 303.
Buchanan resigned…“from this date”: Bruce, Lincoln and the Tools of War, p. 16 (quote); “Buchanan, Franklin (1800–1874),” in Sifakis, Who Was Who in the Confederacy, p. 40.
the Norfolk Navy Yard: Musicant, Divided Waters, pp. 28–29.
“extreme uneasiness…made by the first”: Entry for April 18, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.
“The scene…indescribably fearful”: Sun, Baltimore, Md., April 20, 1861.
The enraged crowd…knives and revolvers: John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History, Vol. IV (New York: Century Co., 1917), p. 115 (quote); Sun, Baltimore, Md., April 20, 1861.
“It’s a notable…the anniversary”: Entry for April 19, 1861, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 126.
“make no point…around Baltimore”: AL to Thomas H. Hicks and George W. Brown, April 20, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 340.
an angry committee of delegates: Entry for April 22, 1861, in Lincoln Day by Day, Vol. III, p. 37.
“I must have troops…that they must do”: AL, “Reply to Baltimore Committee,” April 22, 1861, in CW, IV, pp. 341–42.
“the censorship”…bridges surrounding the city: Ben: Perley Poore, Perley’s Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National Metropolis, Vol. II (Philadelphia, 1886; New York, AMS Press, 1971), pp. 78–79.
“Literally…entire isolation”: Villard, Memoirs of Henry Villard, Vol. I, p. 167.
Cameron slept in his office: Leech, Reveille in Washington, p. 61.
“Here we were…to defend it”: JGN to TB, April 26, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.
“No despatches…are prisoners”: Entry for April 20, 1861, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 127.
“rebels are at…calm & conceal it”: Hiram Barney to SPC, April 21, 1861, reel 15, Chase Papers.
to accompany Major Robert Anderson…with their relieved father: Janet Chase Hoyt, “A Woman’s Memories,” NYTrib, April 5, 1891.
These “were terrible days of suspense”…let her join him: Entry for May 19, 1861, Fanny Seward diary, Seward Papers.
“It is hard…life is in danger”: FAS to WHS, April [27? 1861], reel 114, Seward Papers.
“a day of gloom and doubt”: “24 April 1861, Wednesday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 11.
staring out the window…“Why don’t they come!”: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, Vol. IV, p. 152.
“I don’t believe…Northern realities”: “24 April 1861, Wednesday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 11.
“to arrest…not be justifiable”: AL to Winfield Scott, April 25, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 344.
“the first of the redeemed”: “1 May 1861, Wednesday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 16.
If resistance along…“for the public safety”: AL to Winfield Scott, April 27, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 347.
“arrest, and detain…to the public safety”: AL, “Message to Congress in Special Session,” July 4, 1861, in ibid., p. 429.
Seward later claimed…“further hesitation”: Carpenter, “A Day with Governor Seward,” Seward Papers.
Taney blasted Lincoln: Hon. Sherrill Halbert, “The Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus by President Lincoln,” American Journal of Legal History 2 (April 1958), pp. 97–100.
Bates, though reluctant to oppose Taney: Cain, Lincoln’s Attorney General, pp. 145, 147.
“in a time…the insurgents”: EB to AL, July 5, 1861, Lincoln Papers.
As chief executive…“one be violated?”: AL, “Message to Congress in Special Session,” July 4, 1861, in CW, IV, p. 430.
“government will…be less liberty”: GW to Mary Jane Welles, May 5, 1861 (transcript), reel 19, Welles Papers.
“steps and balconies”…Mary and her friends watched: NYT, May 1, 1861.
“go down to Charleston…an Illinois yell”: “25 April 1861, Thursday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 11.
more than eight thousand troops were in Washington: WHS to FAS, April 26, 1861, quoted in Seward, Seward at Washington…1846–1861, p. 559.
He did not, however, grant her request: FAS to WHS, April [27? 1861], reel 114, Seward Papers.
almost completed…“at all hours”: Anna Wharton Seward to FAS, April 28, 1861, reel 116, Seward Papers.
“immense sacrifice…awaits the oppressors”: FAS to WHS, April [28? 1861], reel 114, Seward Papers.
“there would be…serenely adjusted”: Conversation between WHS and Charles King, reported in entry of May 20, 1861, Diary of George Templeton Strong, Vol. III, p. 144.
“to disturb as little…of the people”: Entry of April 15, 1861, in The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866, p. 183.
a “fatal error…of the North”: MB to AL, May 16, 1861, Lincoln Papers.
“I consider…to govern themselves”: “7 May, Tuesday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 20.
John Stuart Mill…“the civilized world”: John Stuart Mill, quoted in McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, p. 550.
“the dissolution…established in America”: The Earl of Shrewsbury, quoted in ibid., p. 551.
“It is of infinite…the various parts”: George Washington, “Farewell Address,” September 17, 1796, in A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, Vol. I (New York: Bureau of National Literature, Inc., 1897), p. 207.
“a mortar battery…assassination suspicion”: “19 April 1861, Friday,” in Hay, Inside Lincoln’s White House, pp. 2–3.
“Thousands of soldiers…to feel secure”: MTL to Mrs. Samuel H. Melvin, April 27, 1861, in Turner and Turner, Mary Todd Lincoln, p. 86.
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