The Crusades Through Arab Eyes by Amin Maalouf
Acre 27, 47, 59, 67, 75, 189, 194, 195, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 219, 222, 223, 228, 243, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 279, 280
al-‘Ādid 162, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172
al-‘Ādil (Saladin’s brother) 186, 195, 199, 209, 211, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 279
al-Afḍal, al-Malik (uncle of Saladin) 192, 193, 216, 217, 218, 219
al-Afḍal, Shāhinshāh (Fatimid vizier) 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 67, 68, 76, 79, 88, 94, 101, 102, 262, 270
Afghanistan, 9
Agca, Mehmet Ali 265
Agha Khan 275
Ailba 119, 120
Alamūt 99, 103, 112, 242, 275
Albert of Aix 40
Albruz Mountains 99
Aleppo 23, 25, 38, 68, 69, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 104, 113, 114, 117, 120, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 136, 138, 139, 145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 164, 168, 169, 171, 176, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 195, 206, 218, 230, 243, 247, 248, 271, 278, 279, 280
Alexander the Great 89
Alexandria 167, 168, 169, 220, 225
Alexius Comnenus 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 44, 45, 46, 47, 83, 124, 271
Alī 273
Alix (daughter of Baldwin II) 115, 116, 125
Alp Arslan 91
Amalric 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176
Ankara 10, 64, 65
Antioch 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 52, 60, 68, 69, 83, 87, 88, 91, 93, 94, 95, 104, 110, 114, 115, 116, 125, 135, 146, 147, 155, 156, 157, 163, 186, 205, 206, 222, 245, 249, 250, 251, 255, 271, 277, 279, 280
Aq Sunqur 271
al-Aqṣā (mosque) 49, 50, 128, 129, 198, 199, 200, 229, 274
Aqṭāy 248
Arghūn,Il-Khān 253, 254
al-‘Arīsh 94
Aristotle 227
Arnat (see Reynald of Châtillon)
‘Arqa 43, 47
Arsūf 211
Artuk 46
Ascalon 50, 52, 88, 90, 96, 117, 160, 195, 196, 203, 212, 214, 270, 278
Ascanian Lake 5, 13
Asfahāni, ‘Imād al-Dīn (see ‘Imad al-Dīn al-Asfahāni)
al-Ashraf 224, 225
Assassins 22, 23, 87, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 117, 153, 155, 172, 173, 181, 182, 183, 219, 242, 275, 278
Aybeg 241, 244, 245, 275
‘Ayn Jālūt 246, 247, 248, 280
Ayyūb (father of Saladin) 117, 118, 128, 152, 173, 174
Ayyūb (son of al-Kāmil) 236, 237, 238, 275
Ayyubids 184, 218, 219, 240, 252, 275, 280
al-‘Azīz 218
Baal 127
Baalbek 127, 128, 137, 139
Bārin 123, 124
al-Babayn 166, 167
Badr al-Jamālī 99
Baghdad i, iv, 9, 20, 44, 52, 53, 54, 55, 69, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 90, 103, 113, 114, 117, 118, 125, 126, 206, 230, 242, 243, 262, 277, 278, 280
Baghras 205
Bahā’ al-Dīn Ibn Shaddād 177, 178, 179, 195, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216, 217, 273
Bahram 102, 103
Balak 95, 96, 97, 114
al-Balana 17
Baldwin of Flanders 222
Baldwin of Edessa (King of Jerusalem) 30, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 79, 80, 81, 87, 88, 94, 278
Baldwin II 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 94, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116
Baldwin III 152, 153, 163
Baldwin IV 177, 184, 185, 186
Baldwin V 185
Balian of Ibelin 196, 197, 198, 199
Balīkh River 70
Baniyās 110, 117, 128
Banu ‘Ammār 42, 43, 255
al-Bardawīl (see Baldwin)
Barkiyaruq 55, 69, 76
Basra 113
Bāṭini (see Assassins)
Batit, Yusif, 197
Baybars 240, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 262, 275, 280
Beaufort Castle 249
Beirut 43, 45, 47, 61, 62, 63, 67, 77, 80, 154, 195, 204, 208, 220, 259, 278
Bekaa Valley 75, 265
Bethlehem 196, 229
Bilbays 161, 162, 163, 164, 168
Bohemond 33, 35, 38, 59, 60, 61, 65, 68, 70, 71, 73, 94, 115, 271
Bohemond II 104, 115, 125
Bohemond III 186
Bohemond IV (Prince of Antioch) 243, 247, 249, 250
al-Borsoki 98, 104
Bosporus 9, 11, 64
Bukaya 40, 41
Bukhārā 236
Būri (son of Tughtigin) 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 120
Buwayhids 99
Byblos (see Jubayl)
Cadmus, Prince 88
Cairo 28, 44, 45, 46, 76, 81, 88, 94, 99, 101, 124, 125, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 180, 181, 185, 215, 224, 225, 227, 228, 231, 238, 239, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 257, 273, 279
Carthage 251
Cerdagne, Count of 77
Chaka 13, 14
Chios 13
Civitot 5, 6, 7, 8
Conrad, King of Germany and Italy 148, 149, 279
Conrad of Montferrat 204, 213, 214
Constance 125
Constantinople 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 20, 21, 44, 45, 46, 59, 64, 76, 83, 125, 146, 149, 157, 206, 221, 222, 261, 279
Crac des Chevaliers (see Ḥiṣn al-Akrād)
Cyprus 156, 157, 208, 219, 225, 237, 258
Damascus i, ii, iii, iv, 9, 21, 23, 28, 45, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 77, 79, 81, 86, 87, 97, 103, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 133, 137, 139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 171, 174, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 215, 218, 224, 228, 230, 231, 236, 243, 245, 246, 248, 253, 254, 259, 265, 278, 279, 280
Damietta 171, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 238, 239, 240, 279
Dandolo, Enrico, Doge of Venice 220
Danishmend 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 52, 59, 60, 64, 65, 68
Dār al-‘Ilm 42, 80
al-Dawlāhi 217
Dead Sea 162
Dirghām 160, 162
Dīya al-Dīn (see Ibn al-Athīr)
Dorylaeum 15, 16, 17, 64, 147, 277
Duqāq 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68, 78, 112
Edessa 29, 30, 31, 52, 61, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 110, 133, 134, 136, 139, 146, 147, 271, 272, 277, 278
Eilat 186
al-Fāḍil 216
Fakhr al-Dīn Ibn al-Shaykh 226, 227, 228, 229, 238, 239
Fakhr al-Mulk Ibn ‘Ammār 57, 62, 63, 66, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80
al-Faramā’ 94
Fatimids 44, 46, 99, 101, 110, 161, 171, 172, 273, 279
al-Findalawi 148
Fīrūz 31
Francis of Assisi 274, 275
Frederick Barbarossa 206, 207
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 236, 280
Fulk, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem 116, 117, 123, 124, 127, 128, 130, 133, 137, 272, 278
Galilee 188, 194, 223, 246, 249, 256
Gaza 196, 244, 245
Genghis Khan 235, 236, 237, 241
Genoa 76
Ghāzī 115
Ghūṭa 111, 148, 236
Godfrey of Bouillon 52, 59, 60, 61
Golan Heights 60, 191, 265
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem 185, 187, 188, 193, 204, 205, 219
Ḥabīb al-Najjar, Mount 20, 33
Haifa 67, 195, 252
al-Halhuli 148
Hama 38, 154, 181, 248, 254, 258, 276
Ḥaram al-Sharīf 229, 23l
al-Ḥarawi, Abū Ṣa‘ad i, ii, iii, iv, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 81, 103, 200, 268, 278
Ḥārim 163
Ḥarrān 69, 70, 71, 76, 93, 127, 154, 278
Hārūn al-Rashīd 54, 277
Ḥasan Ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 172, 275
Henry, King of France 256, 258
Henry of Champagne, Cou
nt (al-kond Herri) 219
Heraclea 65
Herat 236
Hethoum 243, 247, 249, 50
Ḥiṣn al-Akrād 41, 42, 251, 258
Ḥiṭṭīn 191, 192, 196, 203, 208, 215, 219, 247, 273, 274, 279
Homs 38, 42, 59, 66, 77, 123, 125, 126, 127, 144, 153, 154, 169, 181
Hospitallers 185, 188, 189, 194, 253
Hugh of Le Puiset 117
Hülegü 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, 280
Ibn ‘Abd-al-Ẓāhir 250, .51, 253, 275
Ibn ‘Ammār 261
Ibn al-Athīr (chronicler) 19, 24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 49, 50, 53, 55, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 94, 95, 97, 101, 105, 110, 112, 114, 121, 123, 124, 125 138, 143, 144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 163, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 195, 196, 197, 198, 203, 205, 206, 220, 221, 222, 233, 235, 268, 269, 274
Ibn al-Athīr, Dīya al-Dīn 218
Ibn Jubayr 27, 61, 69, 112, 185, 263, 268, 270
Ibn al-Khashāb 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 125, 278
Ibn Maymūn, Mūsa (see Mūsa)
Ibn Munqidh (see Usāmah)
Ibn Munqidh, Sultan 40, 261
Ibn al-Qalānisi iv, 3, 14, 17, 21, 22, 46, 50, 52, 53 59, 60, 61, 68, 71, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 97, 102, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 118, 136, 137, 138, 139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 154, 268, 269
Ibn Sinjīl (see Saint-Gilles)
Ibn al-Waqqar 155
Ibn Wāṣil 238, 239, 240, 241, 275
Iftikhār al-Dawla, General 48, 49, 50
Ilghazi 46, 92, 93, 94, 95, 114, 271, 278
Iliyā’ (Jerusalem)
‘Imād al-Dīn al-Asfahāni 193, 194, 200, 274
‘Imād al-Dīn (see Zangī)
Irbil 206
‘Isā 209, 210
Isfahan 9, 10, 74, 82, 114
Ismā‘īl, son of Būri 117, 119, 120, 121
Jābar 138
Jaffa 67, 117, 195, 211, 214, 220, 228
Jalāl al-Mulk 42, 43, 62
Janah al-Dawlah 42
Jawali 72, 73, 74, 78, 272
Jazīra 26, 125, 143, 145, 206, 224, 225
Jekermish 69, 70, 71, 72
Jerusalem ii, iii, iv, 9, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 75, 81, 86, 93, 95, 96, 105, 110, 114, 128, 133, 135, 136, 144, 147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 160, 163, 165, 166, 171, 180, 184, 186, 187, 188, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 235, 236, 238, 239, 244, 254, 262, 265, 272, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280
Jesus 49, 192, 196, 274
Jidda 186
John of Brienne 222, 225
John II Comnenus 124, 125
John Paul II 265
Jordan River 162, 174, 186, 191, 211, 218, 225, 231
Joscelin I 72, 74, 95
Joscelin II 125, 126, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 146
Jubayl iii, iv, 44, 195
Jūnīya 63
al-Kahf 219
al-Kāmil 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 236, 238, 262, 265, 274, 275, 279, 280
Kamāl al-Dīn 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 101, 114, 145, 271
Karak 186, 187, 231, 274
Karakorum 242
Karbūqa 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42, 45, 46, 63, 69, 272, 277
Kawkab 205
Khalīl (son of Qalāwūn) 257, 259, 280
Khalīl (son of Shajar al-Durr) 241
Khwarazmian Turks 236
Kilij Arslan 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 52, 55, 64, 65, 66, 68, 147, 271, 277
Kilij Arslan II 177
Kitbuga 243, 245, 246
Konya 12, 15, 206, 221
Kubilay 242
Kurds 41
Lake Antioch 18, 26
Latakia 116, 205, 253
Louis VII 148, 278
Louis IX 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 251, 275, 280
Lu ’lu’ 91, 92
Ma‘arra 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 122, 154, 270, 277
al-Ma‘arri, Abu‘l-‘Alā’ 37, 40
Maḥmūd (sultan) 113, 117, 121, 126, 127
Malaṭya (Melitene) 10, 11, 60
Malazgerd 277
Malik al-Inkitar (see Richard the Lionheart)
Mamluks 28, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 275, 280
Manbij 96, 97
Manṣūra 238, 239, 240
Manuel Comnenus 156, 157, 171, 177
al-Maqrīzi 275
Mardin 92, 97
al-Markish (see Conrad of Montferrat)
Marmara (Sea of) 3, 64
Marqab 253
Mas‘ūd (son of Kilij Arslan) 147
Mas‘ūd (brother of Mahmūd) 118, 119, 125, 262
Maṣyāf 182
Mawdūd 86, 87
al-Mazdaghāni, Ṭāhir 104, 109, 110
Mazrat al-‘Arab 80
Mecca iii, 49, 92, 129, 186, 187, 216, 227, 243, 274, 277
Medina iii, 49, 186, 277
Melisende (Queen of Jerusalem) 116, 117
Melitene (see Malaṭya)
Merzifun 65
Möngke Khān 242, 245
Mongols 233, 235, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 262, 275, 280
Morri (see Amalric)
Moses 49, 274
Mosul 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 36, 69, 73, 74, 78, 79, 81, 85, 98, 104, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 126, 138, 145, 149, 172, 175, 183, 206, 230
al-Mu‘azam 224, 225, 227, 228
Muḥammad (the Prophet) iii, iv, 9, 44, 49, 54, 198, 205, 212, 243, 274, 277
Muḥammad Ibn Malikshāh 55, 69, 74, 77, 78, 85, 87, 113
Muḥammad Ibn Sulṭān 155
Mu‘īn al-Dīn ‘Unar 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 272
Munaytra 131
Munqidhites 154, 155
Murri (see Amalric)
Mūsa Ibn Maymūn (Maimonides) 215
al-Mustanṣir 99
al-Mustarshid Billāh 113, 117, 118, 119, 262
al-Musta ‘ṣim 242
al-Mustaẓhir Billāh i, iv, 53, 54, 55, 77, 83, 113
al-Muẓaffar, al-Malik 258
Myriokephalon 177
Nablus 130, 195, 229, 244
Nahr al-Kalb 44, 47, 62, 63, 66, 271
al-Nāṣir (son of Mu‘azam) 228, 230, 231
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 265
Nazareth 189, 195, 229
Nebuchadnezzar 62, 235
Nicaea 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 44, 60, 64, 222, 277
Niksar 60, 65
Niẓam al-Mulk 101
Nizār 99, 101
Nūr al-Dīn Mahmūd (son of Zangī) 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 184, 262, 272, 278
Omar Khayyam 98
Orontes River 20, 26
Ottoman Turks 261
Palermo 226
Peking 242
Pelagius 225, 226
Pelusus 273
Peter the Hermit 5, 8, 277
Philip II Augustus 208, 211
Philip IV 254
Qal‘at Saint-Gilles 75
Qalāwūn 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 262, 275, 280
Qiyāma (the Holy Sepulchre) 51, 199 215
al-Quds (see Jerusalem)
Quṭuz 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 262
Rabīgh 186
Radulph of Caen 39
Ramlah 67, 68, 196
Ramses II 62
Ra’s al-Nabah 80
Rashīd al-Dīn Sinān 172, 173, 182, 183, 219
Raymond of Antioch 125, 126, 139, 146, 150, 156
Raymond of Toulouse (see Saint-Gilles)
Raymond III of Tripoli (son of Saint-Gilles) 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192
Reynald (Lead
er of Xerigordon Expedition) 7
Reynald of Châtillon 156, 157, 179, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 218
Rayy 98
Rhodes 13
Richard the Lionheart 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 218, 219, 223, 279
Riḍwān 22, 23, 25, 26, 37, 68, 72, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 101, 102
Roger of Antioch 92, 93, 94, 95
Rome 10, 205, 206, 222, 225, 253, 254 256
Roussel of Bailleul 4
al-Ruhā’ (see Edessa)
Rūm (sing. Rūmī) 4, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 21, 24, 34, 45, 51, 64, 83, 124, 125, 126, 155, 156, 157, 171, 177, 221, 222, 269, 271, 277
Sabkhat al-Bardawīl 273
Sadat, Anwar 265
Saffurīya 189, 191
Safid 205
Sayf al-Dīn 145, 149
Saida 47, 81, 85, 88, 195, 219, 252, 259, 278
St George 80
Saint-Gilles, Raymond of 40, 41, 42, 43, 50 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 75, 76, 77 79
Saladin (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf) 1, 44, 118, 145, 156, 159, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 227, 228, 229, 231, 235, 244, 251, 259, 262, 265, 272, 273, 274, 279
al-Ṣāliḥ (son of Nūr al-Dīn) 176, 180, 181, 183, 184, 186
Samaria 194
Samarkand 236
Samos 13
al-Sanjīlī (see Saint-Gilles)
Sarkhad 120, 218
Sarmada 93, 94, 278
Sawinj 120, 121
Seljuks 9, 10, 21, 22, 28, 29, 45, 55, 69, 76, 99, 101, 102, 118, 236, 242, 262, 269, 277
Septimius Severus 62
Shajar al-Durr 238, 240, 241, 244, 275
Shams al-Dawla 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34
Shams al-Dīn 229
Shams al-Khalīfa 88
Sharaf (son of vizier al-Afḍal) 67
Shāwar 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170
Shawbak 173, 174, 186
Shayzar 39, 40, 125, 126, 154, 155
Shi‘ism 44, 99, 101, 102, 161, 172, 273
Shīrkūh 145, 150, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 177, 262, 273, 279
Sibṭ Ibn al-Jawzi 201, 230, 265, 268, 275
Sigurd 80
Sinān (see Rashid al-Dīn)
Sinjar 206
Sirjal (see Roger of Antioch)
Sis 249
Smyrna 13, 14
Sokman 46, 69, 70, 71, 76, 93
Süleymān (son of Kilij Arslan) 221
Süleymān (father of Kilij Arslan) 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Tabriz 253
al-‘Ādid 162, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 172
al-‘Ādil (Saladin’s brother) 186, 195, 199, 209, 211, 212, 213, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 279
al-Afḍal, al-Malik (uncle of Saladin) 192, 193, 216, 217, 218, 219
al-Afḍal, Shāhinshāh (Fatimid vizier) 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 52, 67, 68, 76, 79, 88, 94, 101, 102, 262, 270
Afghanistan, 9
Agca, Mehmet Ali 265
Agha Khan 275
Ailba 119, 120
Alamūt 99, 103, 112, 242, 275
Albert of Aix 40
Albruz Mountains 99
Aleppo 23, 25, 38, 68, 69, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 104, 113, 114, 117, 120, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 136, 138, 139, 145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 164, 168, 169, 171, 176, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 195, 206, 218, 230, 243, 247, 248, 271, 278, 279, 280
Alexander the Great 89
Alexandria 167, 168, 169, 220, 225
Alexius Comnenus 4, 5, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 44, 45, 46, 47, 83, 124, 271
Alī 273
Alix (daughter of Baldwin II) 115, 116, 125
Alp Arslan 91
Amalric 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 176
Ankara 10, 64, 65
Antioch 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 42, 43, 44, 45, 52, 60, 68, 69, 83, 87, 88, 91, 93, 94, 95, 104, 110, 114, 115, 116, 125, 135, 146, 147, 155, 156, 157, 163, 186, 205, 206, 222, 245, 249, 250, 251, 255, 271, 277, 279, 280
Aq Sunqur 271
al-Aqṣā (mosque) 49, 50, 128, 129, 198, 199, 200, 229, 274
Aqṭāy 248
Arghūn,Il-Khān 253, 254
al-‘Arīsh 94
Aristotle 227
Arnat (see Reynald of Châtillon)
‘Arqa 43, 47
Arsūf 211
Artuk 46
Ascalon 50, 52, 88, 90, 96, 117, 160, 195, 196, 203, 212, 214, 270, 278
Ascanian Lake 5, 13
Asfahāni, ‘Imād al-Dīn (see ‘Imad al-Dīn al-Asfahāni)
al-Ashraf 224, 225
Assassins 22, 23, 87, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 117, 153, 155, 172, 173, 181, 182, 183, 219, 242, 275, 278
Aybeg 241, 244, 245, 275
‘Ayn Jālūt 246, 247, 248, 280
Ayyūb (father of Saladin) 117, 118, 128, 152, 173, 174
Ayyūb (son of al-Kāmil) 236, 237, 238, 275
Ayyubids 184, 218, 219, 240, 252, 275, 280
al-‘Azīz 218
Baal 127
Baalbek 127, 128, 137, 139
Bārin 123, 124
al-Babayn 166, 167
Badr al-Jamālī 99
Baghdad i, iv, 9, 20, 44, 52, 53, 54, 55, 69, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 90, 103, 113, 114, 117, 118, 125, 126, 206, 230, 242, 243, 262, 277, 278, 280
Baghras 205
Bahā’ al-Dīn Ibn Shaddād 177, 178, 179, 195, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 216, 217, 273
Bahram 102, 103
Balak 95, 96, 97, 114
al-Balana 17
Baldwin of Flanders 222
Baldwin of Edessa (King of Jerusalem) 30, 61, 62, 63, 64, 67, 68, 79, 80, 81, 87, 88, 94, 278
Baldwin II 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 94, 95, 97, 105, 110, 111, 116
Baldwin III 152, 153, 163
Baldwin IV 177, 184, 185, 186
Baldwin V 185
Balian of Ibelin 196, 197, 198, 199
Balīkh River 70
Baniyās 110, 117, 128
Banu ‘Ammār 42, 43, 255
al-Bardawīl (see Baldwin)
Barkiyaruq 55, 69, 76
Basra 113
Bāṭini (see Assassins)
Batit, Yusif, 197
Baybars 240, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 262, 275, 280
Beaufort Castle 249
Beirut 43, 45, 47, 61, 62, 63, 67, 77, 80, 154, 195, 204, 208, 220, 259, 278
Bekaa Valley 75, 265
Bethlehem 196, 229
Bilbays 161, 162, 163, 164, 168
Bohemond 33, 35, 38, 59, 60, 61, 65, 68, 70, 71, 73, 94, 115, 271
Bohemond II 104, 115, 125
Bohemond III 186
Bohemond IV (Prince of Antioch) 243, 247, 249, 250
al-Borsoki 98, 104
Bosporus 9, 11, 64
Bukaya 40, 41
Bukhārā 236
Būri (son of Tughtigin) 105, 109, 110, 111, 112, 120
Buwayhids 99
Byblos (see Jubayl)
Cadmus, Prince 88
Cairo 28, 44, 45, 46, 76, 81, 88, 94, 99, 101, 124, 125, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 176, 180, 181, 185, 215, 224, 225, 227, 228, 231, 238, 239, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 257, 273, 279
Carthage 251
Cerdagne, Count of 77
Chaka 13, 14
Chios 13
Civitot 5, 6, 7, 8
Conrad, King of Germany and Italy 148, 149, 279
Conrad of Montferrat 204, 213, 214
Constance 125
Constantinople 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 20, 21, 44, 45, 46, 59, 64, 76, 83, 125, 146, 149, 157, 206, 221, 222, 261, 279
Crac des Chevaliers (see Ḥiṣn al-Akrād)
Cyprus 156, 157, 208, 219, 225, 237, 258
Damascus i, ii, iii, iv, 9, 21, 23, 28, 45, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 77, 79, 81, 86, 87, 97, 103, 110, 111, 112, 114, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 133, 137, 139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 161, 171, 174, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 188, 189, 215, 218, 224, 228, 230, 231, 236, 243, 245, 246, 248, 253, 254, 259, 265, 278, 279, 280
Damietta 171, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 238, 239, 240, 279
Dandolo, Enrico, Doge of Venice 220
Danishmend 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 52, 59, 60, 64, 65, 68
Dār al-‘Ilm 42, 80
al-Dawlāhi 217
Dead Sea 162
Dirghām 160, 162
Dīya al-Dīn (see Ibn al-Athīr)
Dorylaeum 15, 16, 17, 64, 147, 277
Duqāq 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68, 78, 112
Edessa 29, 30, 31, 52, 61, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 110, 133, 134, 136, 139, 146, 147, 271, 272, 277, 278
Eilat 186
al-Fāḍil 216
Fakhr al-Dīn Ibn al-Shaykh 226, 227, 228, 229, 238, 239
Fakhr al-Mulk Ibn ‘Ammār 57, 62, 63, 66, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80
al-Faramā’ 94
Fatimids 44, 46, 99, 101, 110, 161, 171, 172, 273, 279
al-Findalawi 148
Fīrūz 31
Francis of Assisi 274, 275
Frederick Barbarossa 206, 207
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 236, 280
Fulk, Count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem 116, 117, 123, 124, 127, 128, 130, 133, 137, 272, 278
Galilee 188, 194, 223, 246, 249, 256
Gaza 196, 244, 245
Genghis Khan 235, 236, 237, 241
Genoa 76
Ghāzī 115
Ghūṭa 111, 148, 236
Godfrey of Bouillon 52, 59, 60, 61
Golan Heights 60, 191, 265
Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem 185, 187, 188, 193, 204, 205, 219
Ḥabīb al-Najjar, Mount 20, 33
Haifa 67, 195, 252
al-Halhuli 148
Hama 38, 154, 181, 248, 254, 258, 276
Ḥaram al-Sharīf 229, 23l
al-Ḥarawi, Abū Ṣa‘ad i, ii, iii, iv, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59, 81, 103, 200, 268, 278
Ḥārim 163
Ḥarrān 69, 70, 71, 76, 93, 127, 154, 278
Hārūn al-Rashīd 54, 277
Ḥasan Ibn al-Ṣabbāḥ 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 172, 275
Henry, King of France 256, 258
Henry of Champagne, Cou
Heraclea 65
Herat 236
Hethoum 243, 247, 249, 50
Ḥiṣn al-Akrād 41, 42, 251, 258
Ḥiṭṭīn 191, 192, 196, 203, 208, 215, 219, 247, 273, 274, 279
Homs 38, 42, 59, 66, 77, 123, 125, 126, 127, 144, 153, 154, 169, 181
Hospitallers 185, 188, 189, 194, 253
Hugh of Le Puiset 117
Hülegü 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251, 280
Ibn ‘Abd-al-Ẓāhir 250, .51, 253, 275
Ibn ‘Ammār 261
Ibn al-Athīr (chronicler) 19, 24, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 49, 50, 53, 55, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 94, 95, 97, 101, 105, 110, 112, 114, 121, 123, 124, 125 138, 143, 144, 147, 148, 149, 150, 163, 168, 169, 170, 171, 174, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 195, 196, 197, 198, 203, 205, 206, 220, 221, 222, 233, 235, 268, 269, 274
Ibn al-Athīr, Dīya al-Dīn 218
Ibn Jubayr 27, 61, 69, 112, 185, 263, 268, 270
Ibn al-Khashāb 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 125, 278
Ibn Maymūn, Mūsa (see Mūsa)
Ibn Munqidh (see Usāmah)
Ibn Munqidh, Sultan 40, 261
Ibn al-Qalānisi iv, 3, 14, 17, 21, 22, 46, 50, 52, 53 59, 60, 61, 68, 71, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 97, 102, 103, 104, 109, 110, 111, 112, 115, 116, 118, 136, 137, 138, 139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 154, 268, 269
Ibn Sinjīl (see Saint-Gilles)
Ibn al-Waqqar 155
Ibn Wāṣil 238, 239, 240, 241, 275
Iftikhār al-Dawla, General 48, 49, 50
Ilghazi 46, 92, 93, 94, 95, 114, 271, 278
Iliyā’ (Jerusalem)
‘Imād al-Dīn al-Asfahāni 193, 194, 200, 274
‘Imād al-Dīn (see Zangī)
Irbil 206
‘Isā 209, 210
Isfahan 9, 10, 74, 82, 114
Ismā‘īl, son of Būri 117, 119, 120, 121
Jābar 138
Jaffa 67, 117, 195, 211, 214, 220, 228
Jalāl al-Mulk 42, 43, 62
Janah al-Dawlah 42
Jawali 72, 73, 74, 78, 272
Jazīra 26, 125, 143, 145, 206, 224, 225
Jekermish 69, 70, 71, 72
Jerusalem ii, iii, iv, 9, 40, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 60, 61, 63, 64, 67, 75, 81, 86, 93, 95, 96, 105, 110, 114, 128, 133, 135, 136, 144, 147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 155, 160, 163, 165, 166, 171, 180, 184, 186, 187, 188, 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 219, 222, 224, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 235, 236, 238, 239, 244, 254, 262, 265, 272, 274, 277, 278, 279, 280
Jesus 49, 192, 196, 274
Jidda 186
John of Brienne 222, 225
John II Comnenus 124, 125
John Paul II 265
Jordan River 162, 174, 186, 191, 211, 218, 225, 231
Joscelin I 72, 74, 95
Joscelin II 125, 126, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 146
Jubayl iii, iv, 44, 195
Jūnīya 63
al-Kahf 219
al-Kāmil 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 236, 238, 262, 265, 274, 275, 279, 280
Kamāl al-Dīn 91, 92, 93, 96, 97, 101, 114, 145, 271
Karak 186, 187, 231, 274
Karakorum 242
Karbūqa 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 42, 45, 46, 63, 69, 272, 277
Kawkab 205
Khalīl (son of Qalāwūn) 257, 259, 280
Khalīl (son of Shajar al-Durr) 241
Khwarazmian Turks 236
Kilij Arslan 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 52, 55, 64, 65, 66, 68, 147, 271, 277
Kilij Arslan II 177
Kitbuga 243, 245, 246
Konya 12, 15, 206, 221
Kubilay 242
Kurds 41
Lake Antioch 18, 26
Latakia 116, 205, 253
Louis VII 148, 278
Louis IX 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 251, 275, 280
Lu ’lu’ 91, 92
Ma‘arra 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 122, 154, 270, 277
al-Ma‘arri, Abu‘l-‘Alā’ 37, 40
Maḥmūd (sultan) 113, 117, 121, 126, 127
Malaṭya (Melitene) 10, 11, 60
Malazgerd 277
Malik al-Inkitar (see Richard the Lionheart)
Mamluks 28, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 275, 280
Manbij 96, 97
Manṣūra 238, 239, 240
Manuel Comnenus 156, 157, 171, 177
al-Maqrīzi 275
Mardin 92, 97
al-Markish (see Conrad of Montferrat)
Marmara (Sea of) 3, 64
Marqab 253
Mas‘ūd (son of Kilij Arslan) 147
Mas‘ūd (brother of Mahmūd) 118, 119, 125, 262
Maṣyāf 182
Mawdūd 86, 87
al-Mazdaghāni, Ṭāhir 104, 109, 110
Mazrat al-‘Arab 80
Mecca iii, 49, 92, 129, 186, 187, 216, 227, 243, 274, 277
Medina iii, 49, 186, 277
Melisende (Queen of Jerusalem) 116, 117
Melitene (see Malaṭya)
Merzifun 65
Möngke Khān 242, 245
Mongols 233, 235, 236, 237, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 262, 275, 280
Morri (see Amalric)
Moses 49, 274
Mosul 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 36, 69, 73, 74, 78, 79, 81, 85, 98, 104, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 126, 138, 145, 149, 172, 175, 183, 206, 230
al-Mu‘azam 224, 225, 227, 228
Muḥammad (the Prophet) iii, iv, 9, 44, 49, 54, 198, 205, 212, 243, 274, 277
Muḥammad Ibn Malikshāh 55, 69, 74, 77, 78, 85, 87, 113
Muḥammad Ibn Sulṭān 155
Mu‘īn al-Dīn ‘Unar 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 139, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 272
Munaytra 131
Munqidhites 154, 155
Murri (see Amalric)
Mūsa Ibn Maymūn (Maimonides) 215
al-Mustanṣir 99
al-Mustarshid Billāh 113, 117, 118, 119, 262
al-Musta ‘ṣim 242
al-Mustaẓhir Billāh i, iv, 53, 54, 55, 77, 83, 113
al-Muẓaffar, al-Malik 258
Myriokephalon 177
Nablus 130, 195, 229, 244
Nahr al-Kalb 44, 47, 62, 63, 66, 271
al-Nāṣir (son of Mu‘azam) 228, 230, 231
Nasser, Gamal Abdel 265
Nazareth 189, 195, 229
Nebuchadnezzar 62, 235
Nicaea 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 44, 60, 64, 222, 277
Niksar 60, 65
Niẓam al-Mulk 101
Nizār 99, 101
Nūr al-Dīn Mahmūd (son of Zangī) 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 184, 262, 272, 278
Omar Khayyam 98
Orontes River 20, 26
Ottoman Turks 261
Palermo 226
Peking 242
Pelagius 225, 226
Pelusus 273
Peter the Hermit 5, 8, 277
Philip II Augustus 208, 211
Philip IV 254
Qal‘at Saint-Gilles 75
Qalāwūn 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 262, 275, 280
Qiyāma (the Holy Sepulchre) 51, 199 215
al-Quds (see Jerusalem)
Quṭuz 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 262
Rabīgh 186
Radulph of Caen 39
Ramlah 67, 68, 196
Ramses II 62
Ra’s al-Nabah 80
Rashīd al-Dīn Sinān 172, 173, 182, 183, 219
Raymond of Antioch 125, 126, 139, 146, 150, 156
Raymond of Toulouse (see Saint-Gilles)
Raymond III of Tripoli (son of Saint-Gilles) 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192
Reynald (Lead
Reynald of Châtillon 156, 157, 179, 184, 185, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 218
Rayy 98
Rhodes 13
Richard the Lionheart 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 218, 219, 223, 279
Riḍwān 22, 23, 25, 26, 37, 68, 72, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 101, 102
Roger of Antioch 92, 93, 94, 95
Rome 10, 205, 206, 222, 225, 253, 254 256
Roussel of Bailleul 4
al-Ruhā’ (see Edessa)
Rūm (sing. Rūmī) 4, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 21, 24, 34, 45, 51, 64, 83, 124, 125, 126, 155, 156, 157, 171, 177, 221, 222, 269, 271, 277
Sabkhat al-Bardawīl 273
Sadat, Anwar 265
Saffurīya 189, 191
Safid 205
Sayf al-Dīn 145, 149
Saida 47, 81, 85, 88, 195, 219, 252, 259, 278
St George 80
Saint-Gilles, Raymond of 40, 41, 42, 43, 50 59, 60, 64, 65, 66, 75, 76, 77 79
Saladin (Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf) 1, 44, 118, 145, 156, 159, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 218, 227, 228, 229, 231, 235, 244, 251, 259, 262, 265, 272, 273, 274, 279
al-Ṣāliḥ (son of Nūr al-Dīn) 176, 180, 181, 183, 184, 186
Samaria 194
Samarkand 236
Samos 13
al-Sanjīlī (see Saint-Gilles)
Sarkhad 120, 218
Sarmada 93, 94, 278
Sawinj 120, 121
Seljuks 9, 10, 21, 22, 28, 29, 45, 55, 69, 76, 99, 101, 102, 118, 236, 242, 262, 269, 277
Septimius Severus 62
Shajar al-Durr 238, 240, 241, 244, 275
Shams al-Dawla 23, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34
Shams al-Dīn 229
Shams al-Khalīfa 88
Sharaf (son of vizier al-Afḍal) 67
Shāwar 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170
Shawbak 173, 174, 186
Shayzar 39, 40, 125, 126, 154, 155
Shi‘ism 44, 99, 101, 102, 161, 172, 273
Shīrkūh 145, 150, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 177, 262, 273, 279
Sibṭ Ibn al-Jawzi 201, 230, 265, 268, 275
Sigurd 80
Sinān (see Rashid al-Dīn)
Sinjar 206
Sirjal (see Roger of Antioch)
Sis 249
Smyrna 13, 14
Sokman 46, 69, 70, 71, 76, 93
Süleymān (son of Kilij Arslan) 221
Süleymān (father of Kilij Arslan) 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12
Tabriz 253