The Odyssey by Homer
arts,
455
far from it: first he became a bearded lion,
then a serpent, then a leopard, then a gigantic boar;
then he turned into flowing water, and a tall leafy tree;
but with resolute heart we kept him firmly pinned down,
and when the cunning old trickster was at last exhausted
460
then he finally spoke and questioned me, saying: 'Which
of the gods, son of Atreus, was it advised you how to ambush
and catch me against my will? What is it that you want?'
"So he spoke, and I then made answer to him, saying:
'You yourself know, old man--why try to trick me with
465
this question?--how long I've been stuck here on this island,
unable to find a way out, my inner spirit fading: so you
tell me--since gods are all-knowing--which immortal
is it who fetters me here, who's kept me from my journey--
and how I'm to get back home across the fish-rich sea.'
470
"So I spoke: he at once made answer to me, saying:
'You should have made rich sacrifices to Zeus and the other gods
before embarking, to ensure your speedy return
to your own country, voyaging over the wine-dark deep!
For it isn't your fate to set eyes on your friends, or make it
475
back to your well-set home and your ancestral country
before you've once more been to the waters of Egypt's
heaven-fed river and offered ample sacrifices
to the immortal gods who hold wide heaven: only
then, at last, will they grant you the journey that you desire.'
480
"So he spoke; but the heart within me was shattered
by his sending me back again to traverse the misty deep
to Egypt, a lengthy and most wearisome journey.
Yet even so I still responded to him, saying:
'All this I shall do, old man, exactly as you bid me.
485
But come now, tell me this, give me a true report:
Did all the Achaians get home with their ships, unharmed,
all those Nestor and I left when we set out from Troy?
Or did any die by some unkind fate on shipboard,
or in their friends' arms, after winding up the war?'
490
"So I spoke: he at once made answer to me, saying:
'Son of Atreus, why ask me this? It's not your business
to know or search out my mind--nor do I think
you'll long be tearless when you hear the full account!
For many of them perished, and many were left there,
495
though only two leaders of the bronze-corseleted Achaians
died when returning home, or in the war--you were there then!--
and one may still be alive, held back out there on the deep.
Aias10 was done for, along with his long-oared vessels:
first Poseidon drove him onto the massive rocks
500
of Gyrai, yet rescued him, brought him safe from the sea;
and he'd have escaped his fate, though hated by Athene,
had he not, infatuate, uttered a reckless boast, asserted
that it was in spite of the gods he'd escaped the sea's
great gulf, so that Poseidon, hearing his noisy bragging,
505
at once took hold of the trident in his mighty fists
and struck the rock face of Gyrai, split a part off.
The rock held firm, but the fragment where Aias was perched
when he made his reckless boast crashed into the sea,
bore him down with it into the boundless surging main,
510
so he swallowed his fill of salt water, and thus perished.
'But your brother somehow escaped, eluded the death spirits
with his hollow ships: it was the lady Here who saved him.
Then, when he was nearing Malea's sheer promontory,
a strong gale took hold of him, carried him headlong
515
over the fish-rich waters, groaning disconsolately,
to the coast of that land where in time past Thyestes
had his abode, but now his son Aigisthos dwelt there.
Yet from this point too an unharmed return was shown him:
The gods changed the gale to a tailwind, and they got home.
520
Now he, Agamemnon, rejoicing, set foot on his native soil,
laid hold of the earth and kissed it, a flood of warm tears
streamed down his face, so glad he was to see his homeland.
'But a watch at his lookout saw him, a man brought in
and set there by crafty Aigisthos, who promised him a reward,
525
two talents of gold: he'd been keeping watch for a year now
in case he slipped past unseen, fierce valor not forgotten.
Now the watchman went to the palace, informed the people's
shepherd: Aigisthos at once thought up a crafty scheme:
he chose twenty men, the best fighters in the region,
530
and placed them in ambush, but across the hall laid on
a feast, then took horses and chariots to welcome Agamemnon,
the people's shepherd, mind set on treacherous action,
and brought him back, unaware of his coming fate, and after
feasting him killed him, the way you'd butcher an ox at its crib.
535
Not one of all Atreus' son's comrades remained alive there,
not one of Aigisthos' men:11 they all died in the halls.'
"So he spoke, and the spirit within me was shattered.
And I wept as I sat on the sand there, my heart no longer
wanted to live, to behold the sunlight. But after
540
I'd had my fill of weeping and groveling, then
the forthright Old Man of the Sea addressed me, saying:
'No longer, son of Atreus, waste time like this in ceaseless
weeping: no good will come of it! Rather do all you can
to get back soon to your country: there's always a chance
545
of finding that man alive still--if Orestes hasn't arrived first
and killed him, and you only get there in time for the funeral.'
"So he spoke, and the heart and proud spirit once again
were cheered in my breast, despite the grief I felt,
and I spoke, and addressed him with winged words, saying:
550
'These men I know of. But tell me, who's the third man,
the one who may be alive still, held back out there on the main--
or is he dead? Though it grieve me, I want to hear the truth.'
"So I spoke: he at once made answer to me, saying:
'That is the son of Laertes, whose dwelling is in Ithake:
555
him I saw on an island, shedding copious tears,
in the home of the nymph Kalypso, who by constraint
detains him there, so he can't get back to his own country,
for he has no ships with oars, nor any comrades
to further his voyage over the broad back of the sea.
560
But it isn't your destiny, Menelaos, Zeus' nursling,
to die and meet your fate in horse-grazing Argos: rather
it's to the Elysian plain and the furthest ends of the earth
that the immortals will bring you, where fair-haired Rhadamanthys
dwells, and where the living is easiest for mankind:
565
no snow's there, no strong storms, nor ever any rain,
but a constant light western breeze coming up off the ocean
to provide mankind with cooling relief; for as they see it,
since you have Helen as wife, you're a son-in-law of Zeus.'
"That said, he plunged down into the surging deep;
570
and I returned to the ships with my godlike comrades,
my heart brooding darkly on many things as I went.
Then after we'd gone on down to our ship and the sea,
and made ready our meal, and ambrosial night came on,
we lay down to sleep there, beside the breaking surf.
575
When Dawn appeared, early risen and rosy-fingered,
our ships first of all we hauled into the bright salt sea,
and set up the masts and sails in these well-trimmed vessels.
Then the men went aboard, and sat down on the benches,
and ranged in close order struck the grey sea with their oars.
580
So back to Egypt, land of the heaven-fed river, I brought
and moored my vessels, and offered most lavish sacrifices;
and when I'd appeased the wrath of the gods that are forever
I raised Agamemnon a grave mound, that his fame might be
undying. That done, I set sail for home. The immortals
585
gave me a tailwind, conveyed me to my own dear land.
So come now, stay on with me longer here in my halls,
for eleven or twelve more days, and after that
I'll arrange you a proper send-off, with some splendid gifts--
three horses, a well-polished chariot. In addition
590
I'll give you a beautiful cup: then, when you pour libations
to the deathless gods, you'll remember me all your days."
Sagacious Telemachos responded to him, saying:
"Son of Atreus, please don't invite me to stay here longer!
Truth is, I'd be only too happy to sit on for a full year
595
in your abode here, home and parents all forgotten,
so rare is the pleasure I get from listening to your stories
and the way you tell them! But already my comrades are fretting
to leave sacred Pylos, you're keeping me here so long!
As for the present you give me, make that a keepsake:
600
horses I'll not take back to Ithake, but rather leave them
here for your pleasure, since you are lord of a spacious
plain with an abundance of clover and galingale,
of wheat and millet and ample-grained white barley.
But Ithake has no broad courses, nor any meadows; it gives
605
pasture to goats--more attractive than that for horses!
None of the islands has meadows or space for chariots:
each of them slopes down seaward, Ithake most of all."
So he spoke. Menelaos of the great war cry smiled,
caressed him with one hand, and addressed him, saying:
610
"The way you talk, dear child, reveals your good breeding!
I'll change these presents, then, since I can: of all the gifts
laid away in my house as personal treasures I shall
give you the one that's most beautiful and most costly:
a finely wrought mixing bowl, made all of silver throughout,
615
rims finished off with a golden inlay, the work
of Hephaistos, a present from the hero Phaidimos,
the Sidonians' king, at the time that his house gave me shelter
when I'd got that far homeward. This I'd like you to have."
Such were the words they exchanged between one another,
620
while the banqueters were arriving at the godlike king's domain:
they drove up sheep, they brought beneficent wine,
their fine-veiled wives came with them, carrying bread.
Thus they busied themselves about the feast in the halls.
Meanwhile the suitors gathered in front of Odysseus' abode
625
were amusing themselves, in their usual arrogant fashion,
by throwing the discus and javelin out on a leveled terrace
where Antinoos and godlike Eurymachos were sitting--
the suitors' leaders, by far the best-born among them.
They were approached now by Phronios' son Noemon,
630
who addressed Antinoos, had this question for him:
"Antinoos, do we or don't we know for certain when
Telemachos will get back here from sandy Pylos? He went
taking a ship of mine, and now I have need of it
to go over to widespread Elis, where I've a dozen
635
brood mares, now suckling young mules, unbroken, hard
workers: I want to drive one off, break it in."
So he spoke. They were quietly astonished, had no idea
that Telemachos had gone to Neleian Pylos, believed him
somewhere out in the fields, with his flocks or at the swineherd's.
640
Antinoos, Eupeithes' son, now responded to him, saying:
"When exactly did he leave? And who were those young men
that went with him? Select Ithakans, or just his own
field hands and household servants? This too he could have done.
And give me a true answer, I need to be quite certain:
645
Was it by force, against your will, that he took your black ship,
or did you give it him freely because he asked you for it?"
Noemon, the son of Phronios, responded to him, saying:
"I gave it him freely myself. What would anyone do
when a man of his sort, with the troubles he has at heart,
650
made the request? To not give it him would be hard.
As for the youths, those gone with him are Ithake's best
after ourselves: I noticed their leader embarking and he
was Mentor--or else some god who looked just like him.
It's an odd thing: I saw godlike Mentor here yesterday
655
at dawn, but in fact he'd left then in the ship to Pylos."
This said, he took himself off to his father's house,
leaving the proud hearts of both highly disconcerted. They
at once made the suitors quit their games and sit down,
and among them Antinoos, Eupeithes' son, now spoke,
660
bitterly troubled, his black heart brimming over
with rage, while his eyes had the semblance of blazing fire.
"An outrageous act, I swear, most high-handedly brought off,
this trip by Telemachos! And we thought he'd never make it!
Despite all of us here, the brat's gone, just like that--
665
got a ship, launched it, enrolled the best men we have!
Pretty soon he'll be trouble for us: so may Zeus
destroy his power before he ever comes to full manhood!
Come then, give me a fast ship and twenty comrades,
so I can set an ambush, watch for him as he steers
670
through the narrows between Ithake and sheer beetling Same,
and give him a miserable voyage in his quest for his father!"
So he spoke: they all assented, backed his proposal,
got up at once, and went off to the house of Odysseus.
Nor was Penelope left for long without knowledge
675
of the schemes that the suitors hatched in secret discussion,
for Medon the herald told her, who, outside the courtyard,
heard the whole plot that they, inside, were weaving,
and went in through the hall to inform Penelope of it.
As he set foot across the threshold Penelope addressed him:
680
"Herald, for what have the lordly suitors now dispatched you?
To tell the household servants of godlike Odysseus
to stop their appointed tasks, and cook up a feast for
455
far from it: first he became a bearded lion,
then a serpent, then a leopard, then a gigantic boar;
then he turned into flowing water, and a tall leafy tree;
but with resolute heart we kept him firmly pinned down,
and when the cunning old trickster was at last exhausted
460
then he finally spoke and questioned me, saying: 'Which
of the gods, son of Atreus, was it advised you how to ambush
and catch me against my will? What is it that you want?'
"So he spoke, and I then made answer to him, saying:
'You yourself know, old man--why try to trick me with
465
this question?--how long I've been stuck here on this island,
unable to find a way out, my inner spirit fading: so you
tell me--since gods are all-knowing--which immortal
is it who fetters me here, who's kept me from my journey--
and how I'm to get back home across the fish-rich sea.'
470
"So I spoke: he at once made answer to me, saying:
'You should have made rich sacrifices to Zeus and the other gods
before embarking, to ensure your speedy return
to your own country, voyaging over the wine-dark deep!
For it isn't your fate to set eyes on your friends, or make it
475
back to your well-set home and your ancestral country
before you've once more been to the waters of Egypt's
heaven-fed river and offered ample sacrifices
to the immortal gods who hold wide heaven: only
then, at last, will they grant you the journey that you desire.'
480
"So he spoke; but the heart within me was shattered
by his sending me back again to traverse the misty deep
to Egypt, a lengthy and most wearisome journey.
Yet even so I still responded to him, saying:
'All this I shall do, old man, exactly as you bid me.
485
But come now, tell me this, give me a true report:
Did all the Achaians get home with their ships, unharmed,
all those Nestor and I left when we set out from Troy?
Or did any die by some unkind fate on shipboard,
or in their friends' arms, after winding up the war?'
490
"So I spoke: he at once made answer to me, saying:
'Son of Atreus, why ask me this? It's not your business
to know or search out my mind--nor do I think
you'll long be tearless when you hear the full account!
For many of them perished, and many were left there,
495
though only two leaders of the bronze-corseleted Achaians
died when returning home, or in the war--you were there then!--
and one may still be alive, held back out there on the deep.
Aias10 was done for, along with his long-oared vessels:
first Poseidon drove him onto the massive rocks
500
of Gyrai, yet rescued him, brought him safe from the sea;
and he'd have escaped his fate, though hated by Athene,
had he not, infatuate, uttered a reckless boast, asserted
that it was in spite of the gods he'd escaped the sea's
great gulf, so that Poseidon, hearing his noisy bragging,
505
at once took hold of the trident in his mighty fists
and struck the rock face of Gyrai, split a part off.
The rock held firm, but the fragment where Aias was perched
when he made his reckless boast crashed into the sea,
bore him down with it into the boundless surging main,
510
so he swallowed his fill of salt water, and thus perished.
'But your brother somehow escaped, eluded the death spirits
with his hollow ships: it was the lady Here who saved him.
Then, when he was nearing Malea's sheer promontory,
a strong gale took hold of him, carried him headlong
515
over the fish-rich waters, groaning disconsolately,
to the coast of that land where in time past Thyestes
had his abode, but now his son Aigisthos dwelt there.
Yet from this point too an unharmed return was shown him:
The gods changed the gale to a tailwind, and they got home.
520
Now he, Agamemnon, rejoicing, set foot on his native soil,
laid hold of the earth and kissed it, a flood of warm tears
streamed down his face, so glad he was to see his homeland.
'But a watch at his lookout saw him, a man brought in
and set there by crafty Aigisthos, who promised him a reward,
525
two talents of gold: he'd been keeping watch for a year now
in case he slipped past unseen, fierce valor not forgotten.
Now the watchman went to the palace, informed the people's
shepherd: Aigisthos at once thought up a crafty scheme:
he chose twenty men, the best fighters in the region,
530
and placed them in ambush, but across the hall laid on
a feast, then took horses and chariots to welcome Agamemnon,
the people's shepherd, mind set on treacherous action,
and brought him back, unaware of his coming fate, and after
feasting him killed him, the way you'd butcher an ox at its crib.
535
Not one of all Atreus' son's comrades remained alive there,
not one of Aigisthos' men:11 they all died in the halls.'
"So he spoke, and the spirit within me was shattered.
And I wept as I sat on the sand there, my heart no longer
wanted to live, to behold the sunlight. But after
540
I'd had my fill of weeping and groveling, then
the forthright Old Man of the Sea addressed me, saying:
'No longer, son of Atreus, waste time like this in ceaseless
weeping: no good will come of it! Rather do all you can
to get back soon to your country: there's always a chance
545
of finding that man alive still--if Orestes hasn't arrived first
and killed him, and you only get there in time for the funeral.'
"So he spoke, and the heart and proud spirit once again
were cheered in my breast, despite the grief I felt,
and I spoke, and addressed him with winged words, saying:
550
'These men I know of. But tell me, who's the third man,
the one who may be alive still, held back out there on the main--
or is he dead? Though it grieve me, I want to hear the truth.'
"So I spoke: he at once made answer to me, saying:
'That is the son of Laertes, whose dwelling is in Ithake:
555
him I saw on an island, shedding copious tears,
in the home of the nymph Kalypso, who by constraint
detains him there, so he can't get back to his own country,
for he has no ships with oars, nor any comrades
to further his voyage over the broad back of the sea.
560
But it isn't your destiny, Menelaos, Zeus' nursling,
to die and meet your fate in horse-grazing Argos: rather
it's to the Elysian plain and the furthest ends of the earth
that the immortals will bring you, where fair-haired Rhadamanthys
dwells, and where the living is easiest for mankind:
565
no snow's there, no strong storms, nor ever any rain,
but a constant light western breeze coming up off the ocean
to provide mankind with cooling relief; for as they see it,
since you have Helen as wife, you're a son-in-law of Zeus.'
"That said, he plunged down into the surging deep;
570
and I returned to the ships with my godlike comrades,
my heart brooding darkly on many things as I went.
Then after we'd gone on down to our ship and the sea,
and made ready our meal, and ambrosial night came on,
we lay down to sleep there, beside the breaking surf.
575
When Dawn appeared, early risen and rosy-fingered,
our ships first of all we hauled into the bright salt sea,
and set up the masts and sails in these well-trimmed vessels.
Then the men went aboard, and sat down on the benches,
and ranged in close order struck the grey sea with their oars.
580
So back to Egypt, land of the heaven-fed river, I brought
and moored my vessels, and offered most lavish sacrifices;
and when I'd appeased the wrath of the gods that are forever
I raised Agamemnon a grave mound, that his fame might be
undying. That done, I set sail for home. The immortals
585
gave me a tailwind, conveyed me to my own dear land.
So come now, stay on with me longer here in my halls,
for eleven or twelve more days, and after that
I'll arrange you a proper send-off, with some splendid gifts--
three horses, a well-polished chariot. In addition
590
I'll give you a beautiful cup: then, when you pour libations
to the deathless gods, you'll remember me all your days."
Sagacious Telemachos responded to him, saying:
"Son of Atreus, please don't invite me to stay here longer!
Truth is, I'd be only too happy to sit on for a full year
595
in your abode here, home and parents all forgotten,
so rare is the pleasure I get from listening to your stories
and the way you tell them! But already my comrades are fretting
to leave sacred Pylos, you're keeping me here so long!
As for the present you give me, make that a keepsake:
600
horses I'll not take back to Ithake, but rather leave them
here for your pleasure, since you are lord of a spacious
plain with an abundance of clover and galingale,
of wheat and millet and ample-grained white barley.
But Ithake has no broad courses, nor any meadows; it gives
605
pasture to goats--more attractive than that for horses!
None of the islands has meadows or space for chariots:
each of them slopes down seaward, Ithake most of all."
So he spoke. Menelaos of the great war cry smiled,
caressed him with one hand, and addressed him, saying:
610
"The way you talk, dear child, reveals your good breeding!
I'll change these presents, then, since I can: of all the gifts
laid away in my house as personal treasures I shall
give you the one that's most beautiful and most costly:
a finely wrought mixing bowl, made all of silver throughout,
615
rims finished off with a golden inlay, the work
of Hephaistos, a present from the hero Phaidimos,
the Sidonians' king, at the time that his house gave me shelter
when I'd got that far homeward. This I'd like you to have."
Such were the words they exchanged between one another,
620
while the banqueters were arriving at the godlike king's domain:
they drove up sheep, they brought beneficent wine,
their fine-veiled wives came with them, carrying bread.
Thus they busied themselves about the feast in the halls.
Meanwhile the suitors gathered in front of Odysseus' abode
625
were amusing themselves, in their usual arrogant fashion,
by throwing the discus and javelin out on a leveled terrace
where Antinoos and godlike Eurymachos were sitting--
the suitors' leaders, by far the best-born among them.
They were approached now by Phronios' son Noemon,
630
who addressed Antinoos, had this question for him:
"Antinoos, do we or don't we know for certain when
Telemachos will get back here from sandy Pylos? He went
taking a ship of mine, and now I have need of it
to go over to widespread Elis, where I've a dozen
635
brood mares, now suckling young mules, unbroken, hard
workers: I want to drive one off, break it in."
So he spoke. They were quietly astonished, had no idea
that Telemachos had gone to Neleian Pylos, believed him
somewhere out in the fields, with his flocks or at the swineherd's.
640
Antinoos, Eupeithes' son, now responded to him, saying:
"When exactly did he leave? And who were those young men
that went with him? Select Ithakans, or just his own
field hands and household servants? This too he could have done.
And give me a true answer, I need to be quite certain:
645
Was it by force, against your will, that he took your black ship,
or did you give it him freely because he asked you for it?"
Noemon, the son of Phronios, responded to him, saying:
"I gave it him freely myself. What would anyone do
when a man of his sort, with the troubles he has at heart,
650
made the request? To not give it him would be hard.
As for the youths, those gone with him are Ithake's best
after ourselves: I noticed their leader embarking and he
was Mentor--or else some god who looked just like him.
It's an odd thing: I saw godlike Mentor here yesterday
655
at dawn, but in fact he'd left then in the ship to Pylos."
This said, he took himself off to his father's house,
leaving the proud hearts of both highly disconcerted. They
at once made the suitors quit their games and sit down,
and among them Antinoos, Eupeithes' son, now spoke,
660
bitterly troubled, his black heart brimming over
with rage, while his eyes had the semblance of blazing fire.
"An outrageous act, I swear, most high-handedly brought off,
this trip by Telemachos! And we thought he'd never make it!
Despite all of us here, the brat's gone, just like that--
665
got a ship, launched it, enrolled the best men we have!
Pretty soon he'll be trouble for us: so may Zeus
destroy his power before he ever comes to full manhood!
Come then, give me a fast ship and twenty comrades,
so I can set an ambush, watch for him as he steers
670
through the narrows between Ithake and sheer beetling Same,
and give him a miserable voyage in his quest for his father!"
So he spoke: they all assented, backed his proposal,
got up at once, and went off to the house of Odysseus.
Nor was Penelope left for long without knowledge
675
of the schemes that the suitors hatched in secret discussion,
for Medon the herald told her, who, outside the courtyard,
heard the whole plot that they, inside, were weaving,
and went in through the hall to inform Penelope of it.
As he set foot across the threshold Penelope addressed him:
680
"Herald, for what have the lordly suitors now dispatched you?
To tell the household servants of godlike Odysseus
to stop their appointed tasks, and cook up a feast for