Mary Boleyn: The Great and Infamous Whore by Alison Weir
75. Jones.
76. For example, Jones, who tells an unfounded tale about Henry visiting the Perrots in Pembrokeshire and enjoying the hunting there, as well as the lady of the house.
77. Turvey.
78. Calendar of State Papers: Ireland: Elizabeth I, 1588–92.
79. Cited by Simpson.
80. Wright: The History of Ireland.
81. Notably by Jones, who accepts that he was Henry’s son.
82. Cited by Simpson.
83. Edwards.
84. Murphy says March 1525.
85. Edwards; Murphy; Hart.
86. See McClure; Hughey.
87. According to a recent theory, Joan Dingley was not so lowly born, but is to be identified with Joan, the daughter of a Gloucestershire gentleman, John Moore, who married one James Dingley (Jones); but in his will of 1547, Malte referred to Etheldreda’s mother as “Joan Dingley, now the wife of one Dobson,” and since Joan Moore subsequently married Michael Ashfield and Thomas Parker, that theory must fall.
88. Jones.
89. L. & P.
90. Cited by Poynton.
91. Harington et al.
92. Ibid.
93. L. & P.
94. Ibid.
95. Hughey.
96. Cited by Hughey.
97. Calendar of the Patent Rolls preserved in the Public Record Office, Mary and Philip and Mary.
98. Hughey.
99. Ibid.; Levin.
100. Hughey.
101. Levin.
102. L. & P.; The Complete Peerage.
103. Ridley, in The Love Letters of Henry VIII; Norton: Anne Boleyn; Murphy; Ives.
104. The Complete Peerage.
105. L. & P.
106. Given-Wilson.
107. Fraser.
108. V.C.
9: THE SISTER OF YOUR FORMER CONCUBINE
1. Hart; Jones; Williams: Henry VIII and His Court.
2. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
3. Friedmann.
4. L. & P.; Rex: Henry VIII; Carlton; Erickson: Anne Boleyn; Hamer; Jones.
5. Jones.
6. L. & P.
7. Wilkinson (Mary Boleyn) claims that the King paid £521.8s.6½d (£168,000) for the Mary Boleyn, but what L. & P. III 3358 (the source she cites) actually records is that wages, rewards, and victualing for its seventy-nine-strong crew came to £352.8s.6½d. (£113,500).
8. Antonia Fraser believes that the liaison was over by 1524; Hoskins (also in Lady Antonia Fraser’s views regarding the Careys’ paternity) is incorrect in claiming that she is the only historian who believes the affair ended prior to 1526. David Starkey suggests that it ceased around Christmas 1524, after Mary became pregnant with her husband’s child (Six Wives), a view echoed by Jones; Loades (The Six Wives of Henry VIII) and Norton say it was over by 1525 (although Norton opts for 1526 elsewhere), Loades (Mary Tudor) and Wilkinson (Mary Boleyn) stating that it had lasted three years; Erickson cautiously opts for the mid-1520s (Great Harry) or by the summer of 1525 (Anne Boleyn), Parmiter, Doran, Ashdown (Ladies in Waiting), Hart, Stella, Fletcher, and Wilkinson (The Early Loves of Anne Boleyn) for 1525, Wilkinson (Mary Boleyn) for the autumn of 1525, Varlow (The Lady Penelope) for when Henry “transferred his affections to Anne sometime near the end of 1525,” while Ives, Scarisbrick, Plowden (The Other Boleyn Girl) and Denny (Anne Boleyn) think it ended in or before 1526.
9. Hoskins.
10. Cf. Fraser.
11. Powell.
12. Lindsey; Jenner.
13. Bruce.
14. Denny: Anne Boleyn.
15. Ibid.; Carroll.
16. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
17. As Jones claims.
18. Carroll.
19. Fox.
20. Beauclerk-Dewar and Powell.
21. Denny: Katherine Howard.
22. Beauclerk-Dewar and Powell.
23. Walder.
24. Thornton-Cook.
25. Porter.
26. Ridley, in The Love Letters of Henry VIII; Savage, in The Love Letters of Henry VIII; Thornton-Cook; Jones.
27. Scarisbrick, for example.
28. Jones is incorrect in stating that the first evidence of Henry’s interest in Anne dates from 1528.
29. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
30. L. & P.
31. Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
32. Cavendish: The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey; L. & P.
33. L. & P.
34. Cavendish: The Life and Death of Cardinal Wolsey.
35. L. & P.; Bernard: “The Rise of Sir William Compton, Tudor Courtier.”
36. L. & P. It has been suggested (Jansen) that the Mrs. Amadas who was arrested in 1533, and who had been courted by Henry VIII, was not the wife of Robert, Master of the Jewel House, but of John Amadas (before 1489–1554/5), one of the King’s Sergeants-at-Arms (L. & P.), who owned properties in Kent, Devon, and Cornwall. He had married by 1519, but his wife’s name is unknown; she was dead by 1542, when he remarried. However, the entry relating to monies owed by Robert Amadas appears immediately after that relating to “Mrs. Amadas’s treason” in L. & P., July 1533, and refers to information laid by her, so it seems incontestable that the two are connected.
Robert Amadas was dead before August 1533, when Elizabeth, who seems to have been released from custody without punishment, married Sir Thomas Neville.
37. Loades: Henry VIII: Court, Church and Conflict.
38. Hall.
39. Now in the Vatican Library.
40. L. & P.
41. Norton: She Wolves.
42. Fox.
43. Bruce.
44. Luke.
45. Hackett.
46. Lacey.
47. Flügel; Smith: Henry VIII: The Mask of Royalty.
48. Erickson: Anne Boleyn.
49. Ibid.
50. Lacey.
51. Norton: Anne Boleyn.
52. Luke.
53. Round, who thought that Thomas Boleyn owed his ennoblement to Mary becoming the King’s mistress; Friedmann concurs, stating that it was Boleyn who “reaped the golden harvest,” not Mary or her husband.
54. Cf. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
55. Fox.
56. The Rutland Papers.
57. L. & P.; Cotton mss. Vespasian; The Antiquarian Repertory.
58. Starkey, in The Renaissance at Sutton Place.
59. L. & P.
60. Ibid.
61. See, for example, Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
62. L. & P.
63. Hall; Henry VIII: A European Court in England. For Holbein’s possible portrait of William Carey, see Appendix II.
64. Kelly.
65. S. C.; Sander.
66. Gwyn.
67. S. C.
68. Kelly.
69. The Complete Peerage.
70. S. C.
71. Wilson: Henry VIII: Reformer and Tyrant.
72. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
73. Ives; Fraser; Bernard: Anne Boleyn. The late Abbess’s name is sometimes incorrectly given as Elizabeth Shelford.
74. Starkey: Six Wives.
75. L. & P.
76. As Bowle claims.
77. L. & P.; Knowles.
78. Denny: Anne Boleyn.
79. See Chapter 10.
80. L. & P.
81. Ambassades en Angleterre de Jean du Bellay, 1527–29.
82. Hall.
83. L. & P.
84. V. C; Flood.
85. Starkey, in The Renaissance at Sutton Place.
86. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn; Flood.
87. Ambassades en Angleterre de Jean du Bellay, 1527–29.
88. Gardiner.
89. Ambassades en Angleterre de Jean du Bellay, 1527–29.
90. L. & P.
91. Ibid.; Hall.
92. Ambassades en Angleterre de Jean du Bellay, 1527–29.
93. L. & P.
94. Starkey, in The Renaissance at Sutton Place.
95. Mattingly.
&nb
97. Hall.
98. Ambassades en Angleterre de Jean du Bellay, 1527–29.
99. L. & P.
100. Ibid.
101. Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
10: IN BONDAGE
1. William Carey’s inquisition postmortem is in L. & P.; Benton; V. C. H.: Buckinghamshire and Cambridgeshire.
2. L. & P.
3. Ibid.
4. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn. These were the manors of “Tracies [Traceys], Stansford [Stanford] Rivers, and Suttons, and appurtenances there and in High Ongar, Essex.” Formerly owned by the Duke of Buckingham, they had been granted to William Carey and Mary his wife on June 18, 1524 (L. & P.). I am indebted to Josephine Wilkinson for this reference.
The three manors all lay southwest of Chipping Ongar. There is no evidence that their lords were ever in residence in the early sixteenth century. There is a record of Mary holding a manorial court at Stanford Rivers in 1534, but that manor—and probably the others—had reverted to the Crown by 1544 (V. C. H.: Essex).
5. Walder.
6. Hackett.
7. Bruce.
8. Albert.
9. Lofts.
10. Ibid.
11. L. & P.
12. Fox.
13. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
14. L. & P.
15. Lindsey; Denny: Anne Boleyn.
16. Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
17. Erickson: Bloody Mary.
18. Cf. Brewer, in L. & P. Wilkinson suggests that Henry referred the matter to Boleyn in case Mary was trying to tempt her father “to act inappropriately” (Mary Boleyn); this seems unlikely, given Henry’s comments.
19. Lindsey.
20. L. & P. Carroll, without citing a scource, says the King also gave her an elaborately wrought golden cup.
21. Tunis’s statement that Mary remarried in 1528, six years before she actually did so, is unfounded.
22. L. & P.
23. Ives.
24. Friedmann.
25. L. & P.
26. Denny: Anne Boleyn.
27. L. & P.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Now in Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
31. L. & P.
32. Brewer, in L. & P.
33. S. C.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. The Complete Peerage; L. & P.
37. The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry the Eighth from November MDXIX to December MDXXXII; Wilkinson (Mary Boleyn) states that Mary was styled “Lady Rochford” from June 1525, when her father was created Viscount Rochford, but that title rightly belonged to her mother.
38. L. & P.; Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
39. The Privy Purse Expenses of King Henry the Eighth from November MDXIX to December MDXXXII.
40. Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
41. Hall.
42. L. & P. It is sometimes claimed, incorrectly—for example, by Sergeant—that Mary was given the shirt by Henry, but the entry in L. & P. is clear, while women did not wear shirts anyway.
43. L. & P.
44. V. C.; L. & P. gives just ten or twelve.
45. S. C.
46. L. & P.
47. S. C.
48. Ibid.
49. For the Calais trip, see chiefly Hall; du Bellay; Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts existing in the Archives and Collections of Milan; V. C.; Worde; L. & P.; S. C.; The Chronicle of Calais; An English Garner; Hamy.
50. Hall.
51. Colvin.
52. Ibid.
53. S. C.
54. V. C.
55. Worde. Ives suggests that the name “my Lady Mary” does not refer to Mary Boleyn, and that Wynkyn de Worde was deliberately fed false information that the King’s daughter Mary—“my Lady Mary”—was present and willing to give place to Anne Boleyn. Ives says that Mary Boleyn would not have taken precedence over the Countess of Derby and Lady FitzWalter; yet Anne Boleyn—until recently only the Lady Anne Boleyn—had taken precedence over all other ladies of rank, at the King’s instance, and Mary was her sister. Furthermore, as Lady Mary Rochford, Mary was entitled to be called “my Lady Mary.”
56. Hall.
57. L. & P.; Losing Your Head Over Henry: Mary Boleyn; Lindsey; Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn; Bindoff.
58. The Lisle Letters; L. & P.
59. Hall.
60. S. C.
61. Ibid.
62. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
63. L. & P.
64. Somerset: Ladies in Waiting; Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
65. Latymer.
66. Foxe.
67. L. & P.
68. Ibid.
69. Statutes of the Realm.
70. L. & P.
71. Hall.
72. Not her mother, as Wilkinson (Mary Boleyn) states; her mother would have been styled Countess of/Lady Wiltshire, not Lady Boleyn.
73. L. & P.
74. The Chronicle of King Henry VIII of England.
75. Hall.
76. Cranmer.
77. State Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII.
78. Varlow: The Lady Penelope.
79. Ibid.
80. S. C.
81. Ibid.
11: HIGH DISPLEASURE
1. S. C.
2. Ibid.
3. Smith: A Tudor Tragedy.
4. Fraser.
5. Sergeant.
6. L. & P.
7. Bindoff.
8. L. & P.
9. This is inferred from the fact that William became a Gentleman Pensioner around 1540, and they were required to handle a wide range of weapons and cut a fine figure on horseback.
10. Savage, in The Love Letters of Henry VIII.
11. L. & P.
12. Ibid. He was not a hanger-on at court, as Hughes claims.
13. Those of William Stafford (c.1259–1315?), who married Isabella, daughter of Robert de Stafford, and Sir John Stafford (c. 1315–c.1370), who married Margaret, daughter of Ralph, 1st Earl of Stafford.
14. Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem: Henry VII, although in 1517 his age is given as forty-two, thus placing his birth in 1475, not 1478.
15. L. & P.
16. V. C. H.: Staffordshire.
17. Contrary to what Jones states.
18. V C. H.: Hertfordshire.
19. L. & P.
20. Ibid. It is unlikely that this was the King’s fool, William Somer(s), who is said to have been brought to court and immediately appointed to that post by an impressed Henry VIII in 1525; although he may have been under twenty-one, the upper age for wardship in 1529, he was not the heir to an estate.
21. L. & P.
22. The Chronicle of Calais.
23. L. & P.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Chapman.
28. Ives.
29. S. C.
30. L. & P.
31. S. C.
32. L. & P.
33. S. C.
34. L. & P.
35. Ibid.
36. L. & P.
37. Hackett.
38. Hart.
39. Lindsey.
40. Ibid.
41. L. & P.
42. I can find no source for Jones’s statement that Henry wrote to Lord Rochford, asking him to contact his father about helping Mary, and that the couple were given Rochford Hall; Fox states that Mary lived there with her father’s blessing prior to his death, but does not cite any source, and in fact Mary inherited that house from her grandmother in 1540 (although livery of her lands was not granted until 1543). It has been claimed elsewhere that Cromwell insisted that Wiltshire help his daughter, and that an angry Wiltshire flatly refused to do so; again, I can find no contemporary evidence for this, and it would appear that this episode has been confused with the events following William Carey’s death, when Henry VIII stepped in to insist that Bole
43. Lindsey.
44. Hart.
45. Denny: Katherine Howard; Hart. Neither cites a source for the gift of the cup.
46. Denny: Anne Boleyn.
47. Porter.
48. Ibid.
49. Walder.
50. Friedmann. As Wilkinson (Mary Boleyn) points out, sources naming him Edward have probably confused him with Stafford’s eldest son by his second wife. His date of death is sometimes given as 1545, without any source being cited.
51. Erickson: Anne Boleyn.
52. Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
53. Latymer; Bourbon; L. & P.; Warnicke: The Rise and Fall of Anne Boleyn.
54. Bourbon.
55. Denny: Anne Boleyn.
56. S. C.
57. Hughes.
58. Varlow: “Sir Francis Knollys’s Latin Dictionary: New Evidence for Katherine Carey.”
59. L. & P.
60. The Chronicle of Calais.
61. V C.
62. The Chronicle of Calais.
63. Ibid.; V. C.
64. The Chronicle of Calais.
65. Ibid.
66. L. & P. The same source also records that, at some point during her widowhood, Mary, “lately wife to William Carey, deceased,” was granted the wardship of one William Bailey, with his lands in Wiltshire, Kent, and Hertfordshire. This is mentioned in an undated grant of 1546. It may also have been for Katherine Carey’s maintenance.
12: A POOR HONEST LIFE
1. L. & P. Josephine Wilkinson, in conversation with the author, has raised the possibility that the “sister” referred to by Pio was not Mary but Jane Parker, Lady Rochford, with either the term “sister” being used interchangeably with “sister-in-law,” or Pio being in error: after all, he got it wrong about Anne’s miscarriage. Pio obviously had heard of Mary, and he might have assumed she was the one attending Anne. But Mary had been banished from court, and it seems curious that she would be allowed back to comfort Anne only to vanish again afterward. I am most grateful to Dr. Wilkinson for kindly agreeing to my publishing her theory in this book.
2. Wriothesley; Hall.
3. Van Duyn Southworth; Sergeant.
4. Wilkinson: Mary Boleyn.
5. For a full account of Anne’s fall, see Weir: The Lady in the Tower; also Ives; Bernard: Anne Boleyn.
6. Weir: The Lady in the Tower.
7. S. C. It was Froude who first deduced that these were the grounds on which the marriage was annulled.
8. Ridley: Henry VIII.
9. Statutes of the Realm.
10. Ibid.
11. Ridley: Henry VIII; Kelly.
12. Bagley.