Elizabeth of York: A Tudor Queen and Her World by Alison Weir
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NOTES AND REFERENCES
ABBREVIATIONS
André “Vita Henrici VII”
Arrivall Historie of the Arrivall of King Edward IV in England
CSP Milan Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts existing in the Archives and Collections of Milan
CSP Spain Calendar of Letters, Dispatches, and State Papers relating to Negotiations between England and Spain
CSP Venice Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to English Affairs preserved in the Archives of Venice
HVIIPPE Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VII, in The Antiquarian Repertory
Leland: Collectanea Leland, John: Antiquarii de Rebus Brittanicis Collectanea
PPE Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York
Strickland Lives of the Queens of England
INTRODUCTION
1. Holinshed
PROLOGUE: “NOW TAKE HEED WHAT LOVE MAY DO”
1. I have adoped this spelling rather than the more commonly used and anachronistic Woodville, which is not contemporary. The name is spelled Wydeville on Elizabeth’s coffin plate, and it is the way she signed her name. In contemporary sources it is given variously as Wydvil, Wydvile, Wydevile, or Widville.
2. William Monypenny, Louis IX’s agent in Scotland, cited Scofield in Life and Reign
3. CSP Milan
4. Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland
5. CSP Milan
6. Vergil
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Mancini
10. Commines
11. “Gregory’s Chronicle”
12. Vergil
13. More
14. Hall
15. More
16. Ashdown-Hill: Eleanor, the Secret Queen suggests that her portraits show her with dark hair, but in the majority she is clearly blond.
17. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
18. Mancini. For a discussion of this story, see Chapter 1.
19. Waurin
20. Worcester
21. Shears
22. Fabyan
1: “THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS MAID OF YORK”
1. Much of the medieval palace, including the apartments where Elizabeth of York was born, was reduced to ruins in a devastating fire in 1512, and most of what was left was lost during a second conflagration in 1834. Only Westminster Hall, the crypt of St. Stephen’s Chapel, and the Jewel Tower escaped unscathed. The Palace of Westminster, incorporating the Houses of Parliament, now occupies the site where the medieval palace once stood.
2. Fabyan. The date is confirmed in Elizabeth’s tomb inscription in Westminster Abbey.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.; Jenkins
5. Calendar of Papal Registers
6. Tetzel
7. Ibid.
8. Daughter of Sir Richard Berners and wife of John Bourchier, Lord Berners, Constable of Windsor Castle.
9. A Relation, or rather a True Account, of the Island of England
10. Tetzel
11. A Relation, or rather a True Account, of the Island of England
12. Mancini
13. A Relation, or rather a True Account, of the Island of England
14. Patronage, the Crown and the Provinces in Later Medieval England
15. Mancini
16. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
17. Mancini
18. CSP Milan
19. Mancini
20. Paston Letters
21. Monstrelet
22. Ibid.
23. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII
24. Paston Letters
25. When Mary’s coffin was opened in 1810, when a vault was being constructed for the family of George III, her unembalmed body was found to be well-preserved, with long, pale blond hair and blue eyes, which were open, but quickly disintegrated when exposed to the air. Observers could see that she had been beautiful in life.
26. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 1467–77; Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth, in PPE
27. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 1467–77
28. Calendar of Close Rolls: Edward IV; Foedera; Exchequer Records: Issue Rolls E.403
29. A Relation, or rather a True Account, of the Island of England
30. Cited Brigden. These words were written by Edmund Dudley, who would become one of the foremost advisers to Elizabeth’s future husband.
31. Civil and Uncivil Life, tract of 1579, cited Scott: Every One a Witness: The Tudor Age
32. Dowsing; Hedley; Cloake: Palaces and Parks of Richmond and Kew and Richmond Palace
33. Collection of Ordinances; The Babees’ Book
34. Green
35. Harris
36. Collection of Ordinances; The Babees’ Book; Manners and Meals in Olden Time; Woolgar
37. The Plumpton Correspondence
38. Brigden
39. Cited Brigden
40. Collection of Ordinances
41. Paston Letters
42. CSP Milan
43. Great Chronicle of London
44. Croyland Chronicle
45. Ibid.
46. Mancini
47. Jones: Psychology of a Battle: Bosworth, 1485
48. When Katherine Parr interceded with Henry VIII to spare the life of her adulterous sister-in-law, he would not do so unless her husband relented.
49. CSP Milan
50. Mancini
51. Ibid.
52. Paston Letters
53. Wills from Doctors’ Commons
54. Okerlund: Elizabeth Wydeville; Okerlund: Elizabeth of York
55. Harrod
56. Weightman
57. Croyland Chronicle; Charter Rolls C.53/105
58. Warkworth
59. Geoffrey Richardson
60. PPE
61. The Manner and Guiding of the Earl of Warwick at Angers in July and August 1470, from the Harleian MS. 433, in Original Letters Illustrative of English History
62. John Neville was to be killed at Barnet in 1471. George Neville could not afford to support his dukedom of Bedford, and was deprived of it in January 1478. He died unmarried in 1483 and was buried in Sheriff Hutton Church, Yorkshire.
63. Hicks: Anne Neville
64. Warkworth
65. Ibid.; Fabyan
66. Hall
67. Paston Letters
68. Sharpe, citing records of the
69. Paston Letters
70. The Politics of Fifteenth-Century England; Scofield: “Elizabeth Wydeville in the Sanctuary at Westminster”
71. Hall
72. Warkworth
73. These details are recorded in a letter written by Edward IV to the Lord Privy Seal in 1473; Additional MS. 4614, f. 222
74. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV
75. Croyland Chronicle
76. Commines
77. Croyland Chronicle
78. Arrivall
79. Recovery of the Throne, Royal MSS.; Political Poems and Songs
80. Arrivall
81. Ibid.
82. Political Poems and Songs
83. Foedera
84. Arrivall
85. Ibid.
86. Ibid.
87. Hall, corroborated by the illustrated version of the Arrivall, dating from 1471.
88. Croyland Chronicle
89. Ibid.
90. Mancini
91. Arrivall
92. Croyland Chronicle
93. Holinshed
94. He hastened to make peace with Edward IV, but in September was arrested and beheaded.
95. Croyland Chronicle
96. Warkworth
97. Arrivall
98. Warkworth
99. Archaeologia
100. CSP Milan
101. Great Chronicle of London
102. Croyland Chronicle
103. Cotton MS. Julius B, XII, 317; Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies
104. Rotuli Parliamentorum
105. Vergil
106. André
2: “MADAME LA DAUPHINE”
1. Mancini
2. Commines
3. Mancini
4. Croyland Chronicle
5. More
6. Ibid.
7. Mancini
8. CSP Milan
9. Mancini
10. Ibid.
11. Calendar of Patent Rolls: Edward IV, 1467–77
12. HVIIPPE
13. Cotton MSS. Vespasian, f. XIII
14. Pietro Carmeliano, cited in Anglo: Spectacle, Pageantry and Early Tudor Policy
15. An example is in Cotton MSS. Vespasian, f. III, p. 15, and probably comes from a book Cecily owned.
16. CSP Spain
17. CSP Venice; CSP Milan
18. Collection of Ordinances
19. In 1477 priests holding fellowships at Queens’ College, Cambridge, were instructed to offer daily prayers for “our sovereign lady, Queen Elizabeth, foundress of the College, the Prince, and all the King’s childer.” The college was founded by Andrew Dockett, a local rector, in 1446. Margaret of Anjou had become its patron in 1448.