The Lost Tudor Princess: The Life of Lady Margaret Douglas by Alison Weir

  78. Cobbett’s Complete Collection of State Trials, 1199

  79. Clarke

  80. Merriman ODNB

  81. CSPD Elizabeth 27, 50

  82. CSP Simancas 1, 211

  83. CSP Simancas 1, 216

  84. CSPF 6, 483; CSP Scotland 1, 1175

  85. CSPF 6, 485; CSP Scotland 1, 1179

  86. Schutte, 174

  87. CSP Scotland 1, Introduction. The issue of her legitimacy never entirely went away. In 1593, some years after her death, a Jesuit tract, A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England, by R. Doleman, asserted that she was doubly illegitimate, with a view to undermining the claim of her Protestant heir, Arbella Stuart.

  14. “Lady Lennox’s Disgrace”

  1. William Fraser 1, 440; Strickland LQS 2, 107

  2. CSPF 6, 743

  3. CSP Simancas 1, 218

  4. CSPF 6, 905; CSP Scotland 2, 15

  5. Macauley, 133–34

  6. Loades EI, 154

  7. CSP Simancas 1, 233

  8. CSP Simancas 1, 234

  9. CSPF 6, 1027

  10. CSPF 6, 1211

  11. CSP Vatican, 282

  12. It has been said that it descended from Margaret to James VI (Strong EI, 96), but James may have inherited it from Mary. It is now in the Royal Collection at Windsor. A later copy by Rhoda Sullivan, dating from ca.1897, is at Temple Newsam in the collection of Leeds Museums and Galleries.

  13. NA SP 52/9, f.30

  14. NA SP 52/9, f.51

  15. NA SP 52/9, f.53

  16. NA SP 52/9, ff.55–56

  17. NAS GD 220/2, 152

  18. NA SP 52/25, f.209; Macauley, 137

  19. CSP Scotland 2, 70

  20. Porter CT, 407

  21. Merriman ODNB

  22. Lettres 1, 216

  23. NA SP 52/9, f.59

  24. NA SP 52/9, f.63

  25. CSPF 7, 367; CSP Scotland 2, 72; NA SP 52/9, f.57

  26. CSP Scotland 2, 72

  27. CSP Simancas 1, 262

  28. CSP Simancas 1, 251

  29. CSP Simancas 1, 253

  30. Nichols and Gough 1; Bingham, 83

  31. NA SP Scotland, MQS 53/9, ff.187–88; Macauley, 140

  32. CSP Simancas 1, 262; NA SP 59/9, f.93

  33. CSPF 7, 556

  34. NA SP 52/9, f.63

  35. CSPF 7, 557

  36. CSPF 7, 591

  37. CSP Simancas 1, 262

  38. Egerton MS. 1818, f.31

  39. CSP Simancas 1, 262

  40. William Fraser 1, 441; Melville’s brother William was married to Margaret’s distant cousin, another Margaret Douglas, the daughter of Thomas Douglas of Lochleven.

  41. CSP Simancas 1, 240

  42. CSP Simancas 1, 265

  43. NA SP 52/9, f.109

  44. CSPF 7, 699

  45. CSPF 7, 700; CSP Scotland 2, 98

  46. CSPF 7, 704; CSP Scotland 2, 99

  47. Melville, 83

  48. Melville, 92

  49. Melville, 99

  50. Melville, 92

  51. Melville, 82

  52. Melville, 99

  53. Tait; Antonia Fraser MQS, 271. Now on display at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Lennox Jewel was formerly in the collection of Horace Walpole at Strawberry Hill, and was purchased by Queen Victoria in 1842. Its earlier history is unknown, as Walpole would never reveal where he acquired it. In 1843 Queen Victoria commissioned an account of the Jewel from the antiquarian Fraser Tytler.

  54. Henderson, who claims that Margaret wore the Jewel constantly around her neck or at her girdle.

  55. Tait; Antonia Fraser MQS, 271

  56. Tait

  57. Guy MHIMO, 199; NA SP 52/8, 75–76

  58. Marshall QMW, 115

  59. Treasures: The Royal Collection, 133

  60. For the Lennox Jewel see Tytler; Marshall ODNB; Treasures: The Royal Collection, 133; Lisle TFS, 346; Royal Treasures, Chapter 9; Macauley, 143; Tait; Antonia Fraser MQS, 271. Stedall, CC, plate section, states that the Jewel may have been one of the two gold brooches with large sapphires that were given by Mary Tudor to Margaret on her marriage, but it is clearly a pendant and not a brooch, and would surely have merited a more detailed description. Stedall also states that Margaret gave Mary, Queen of Scots, the Jewel when she married Darnley, which seems unlikely, given the imagery.

  61. Melville, 101

  62. Williams ATQM, 86

  63. NA SP 70/74, f.152

  64. CSP Scotland 2, 108

  65. Guy MHIMO, 199; NA SP 52/8, ff.75–76

  66. CSPF 7, 772

  67. CSP Simancas 1, 273

  68. CSPF 7, 855

  69. NA SP 52/9, ff.172–73

  70. CSP Simancas 1, 280; NA SP 52/9, f.153

  71. CSPF 7, 757, 859; CSP Scotland 2, 110

  72. CSPF 7, 866

  73. CSPF 7, 960

  74. NA SP 52/10, f.33; Camden, 60

  75. Macauley, 148

  76. Melville, 101–02

  77. Macauley, 164

  78. Keith 2

  79. Strickland LQS 2, 108

  80. CSP Simancas 1, 296

  81. Papiers d”état 2, 192

  82. CSP Scotland 2, 166

  83. CSPF 7, 958; CSP Scotland 2, 141; Pollitt, 65; Macauley, 146

  84. Heale, 147

  85. Melville, 107

  86. CSPF 7, 1000

  87. CSPF 7, 1008

  88. NA SP 52/10, f.37

  89. CSPF 7, 1029; CSP Scotland 2, 154

  90. CSPF 7, 1017

  91. CSPF 7, 1043

  92. CSPF 7, 1079

  93. CSP Simancas 1, 290

  94. CSP Simancas 1, 292

  95. CSP Simancas 1, 284

  96. CSPF 7, 1105

  97. Mahon, 120

  98. CSP Scotland 2, 166

  99. CSP Simancas 1, 286

  100. William Fraser 1, 444. Strickland, LQS 2, 109, states that Margaret had been at Settrington and received a summons to come to London, but the evidence shows that she was already at court.

  101. CSP Simancas 1, 295

  102. Holinshed 5; William Fraser 1, 441

  103. CSP Simancas 1, 296

  104. CSPF 7, 1120

  105. CSP Scotland 2, 170

  106. CSP Simancas 1, 296

  107. CSP Simancas 1, 297

  108. CSPF 7, 1123

  109. CSPF 7, 1125

  110. CSPF 7, 1140

  111. CSPF 7, 1141

  112. CSP Scotland 2, 186

  113. Melville, 99

  114. CSPF 7, 1189; CSP Scotland 2, 185; NA SP 52/10, f.129

  115. NAS GD 220/3, 155; Pollitt, 65

  116. CSPF 7, 1129

  117. CSPF 7, 1224; CSP Scotland 2, 194. The fact that only Charles was mentioned strongly suggests that Margaret’s other children had all died.

  118. CSP Simancas 1, 300

  119. Holinshed 5

  120. CSP Simancas 1, 301, 302

  121. CSP Simancas 1, 320

  122. CSPF 7, 1279

  123. Ibid.

  124. CSP Simancas 1, 304, June 25

  15. “Strait Imprisonment”

  1. CSP Simancas 1, 304, June 25. William Fraser, 1, 445, Marshall, ODNB, and Henderson, relying on an inscription in the Tower, state that Margaret was taken there on June 20; Lisle, TFS, 337, gives June 22, citing CSP Simancas 1, 296, which was written on April 26 and refers to Margaret being placed under house arrest; Strickland, LQS 2, 109, and Schutte, 195, also give June 22, Dunn, 292, June 25.

  2. Dunn, 293

  3. Marshall ODNB

  4. Keay, 39

  5. Ibid.; Bell, 64; Handover, 51

  6. William Fraser 1, 445. The inscription was uncovered in 1834 during renovations to what was then the Deputy Governor’s dressing room.

  7. Strickland LQS 2, 110; Dixon, 162–63

  8. Hibbert

  9. Hardy, 10. In 1611 Margaret’s granddaughter, Arbella Stuart, would be imprisoned in this same room, which is supposedly haunted by her ghost.
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  10. Keay, 39

  11. William Fraser 1, 444–45; Keith 2, 161

  12. CSPF 7, 1251

  13. CSP Simancas 1, 304

  14. NA SP 15/12, f.175

  15. NA SP 15/12, f.172; CP 3, 600

  16. CSPF 7, 1271

  17. CSP Simancas 1, 442

  18. Strickland LQS 2, 109

  19. William Fraser 1, 446

  20. Keith 2, 161

  21. CSP Simancas 1, 305

  22. CSP Simancas 1, 307

  23. CSP Simancas 1, 308

  24. CSPF 7, 1313; CSP Scotland 2, 213

  25. CSP Simancas 1, 409

  26. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 25

  27. Keith 2, 161

  28. CSP Simancas 1, 310

  29. CSP Simancas 1, 311

  30. CSP Simancas 1, 312

  31. Keith 2, 347

  32. Macauley, 130

  33. CSPF 7, 1333; NA SP 52/11, ff.1–4

  34. CSPF 7, 1511

  35. CSP Simancas 1, 313

  36. CSP Scotland 2, 229; CSPF 7, 1381

  37. CSP Scotland 2, 230; CSPF 7, 1383

  38. CSP Simancas 1, 314

  39. CSP Simancas 1, 316

  40. Crossley; Furtado et al.; NA SP 15/12, f.175

  41. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 36

  42. Hardy, 10; CSPD Elizabeth 37, 67

  43. Macauley, 84

  44. Strickland LQS 2, 111

  45. Stedall CC, 225

  46. NA SP 52/11, f.87

  47. CSPF 7, 1441; CSP Scotland 2, 242

  48. Sutton-on-Derwent, where the Vaughans lived, was twenty-seven miles away.

  49. Vaughan had married Anne Pickering, the widow of Sir Henry Knyvett.

  50. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 25; Strickland LQS 2, 110; Hardy, 10; Ashdown RT, 142. The Knyvetts were related to Elizabeth I on her mother’s side through the Howards. Margaret’s granddaughter, Arbella Stuart, would later be placed in the charge of the Knyvett family.

  51. CSP Simancas 1, 319

  52. CSP Simancas 1, 320

  53. A rectangular visor attached to the French hood, overshadowing the forehead.

  54. A stiffened underskirt.

  55. Lengths of heavy cotton twill fabric.

  56. Decorative cloths laid on top of cupboards, on which to display plate.

  57. Shallow bowls with handles.

  58. A double tripod for toasting bread before the fire.

  59. CSPD Elizabeth 37, 39

  60. Ibid.; Strickland LQS 2, 111

  61. Strickland LQS 2, 113

  62. Lansdowne MS. 102, 64; NA SP 52/11, f.62; NA SP 52/11, f.75

  63. NA SP 52/11, f.299; NA SP 52/11, f.181

  64. CSPF 7, 1510

  65. CSP Scotland 2, 261; CSPF 7, 1514

  66. CSP Simancas 1, 327

  67. CSP Scotland 2, 288

  68. CSP Simancas 1, 329

  69. CSP Simancas 1, 331

  16. “In Great Trouble”

  1. Mahon, 121

  2. Macauley, 155; Robertson 1, 276

  3. NA SP 52/11, f.217

  4. Macauley, 156

  5. CSPF 7, 1510

  6. Knox 2, 507

  7. CSP Scotland 2, 318

  8. Knox 2, 192

  9. CSP Haynes, 443

  10. Cecil Papers 3, 72

  11. CSPF 8, 1

  12. Pepys Library, Cambridge MS. 2502, f.493

  13. CSP Simancas 1, 335

  14. Cesar Adelmare of Treviso, physician successively to Mary I and Elizabeth I.

  15. CSP Scotland 5, 22. This is listed under July 1574, and is endorsed by Cecil, “The examination of Fowler, 1564,” but its content shows that it belongs to January 1565.

  16. CSPF 8, 90; CSP Scotland 2, 340

  17. CSP Scotland 2, 332

  18. CSP Simancas 1, 336

  19. CSP Scotland 2, 333, from Cotton MS. Caligula B.VIII, ff.184–5

  20. Macauley, 156

  21. CSP Scotland 2, 333, from Cotton MS. Caligula B.VIII, ff.184–5. The reference is to Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell, who had died in 1556.

  22. CSP Scotland 2, 334, from Cotton MS. Caligula B.VIII, f.165

  23. On June 24, 1567, Melville would report to Cecil that he had “spoken with Master Bishop to know if he will go with my lord of Lennox to Scotland, who answered he would be directed by your Honour. He may serve to good purpose both for experience of the country, and for religion, as well as to keep friendship between Lennox and his friends there. I know Moray has a good opinion of him, and he will employ his service to withdraw us from France. How he is in my Lord and Lady Lennox’s favour, I am not certain” (CSP Scotland 2, 530). There is no evidence that Bishop went north with Lennox. He could talk himself out of a difficult situation, and his honeyed tongue may have accounted for him being spoken highly of by Moray and Melville (The Herald and Genealogist; The Bishop Family of Pocklington).

  24. CSP Simancas 1, 337

  25. CSPF 8, 90; CSP Scotland 2, 340. Lettres 1, 313. Maitland had already written to Cecil on February 9 asking him to take pity on Fowler and spare him (CSP Scotland 2, 336).

  26. Goodare, 167; Macauley, 157

  27. CSPF 8, 134; CSP Scotland 2, 346

  28. CSP Simancas 1, 342

  29. Merriman ODNB

  30. CSPF 8, 165

  31. CSP Simancas 1, 349

  32. Knox 2, 179–80

  33. CSP Simancas 1, 349

  34. Calderwood 2, 312

  35. CSPF 8, 205

  36. Macauley, 158

  37. CSPF 8, 208

  38. NA SP 52/12, ff.180–81

  39. CSP Scotland 2, 464; CSPF 8, 894

  40. Cotton MS. Caligula B.IV, f.254

  41. Additional MS. 35, 831, f.243

  42. CSP Simancas 1, 344

  43. Randolph refers to it as “the Abbey,” the name by which Holyrood Palace was then known.

  44. CSP Scotland 2, 371

  45. CSP Simancas 1, 350

  46. CSP Simancas 1, 353

  47. CSPD Elizabeth 39, 68

  48. CSP Simancas 1, 357

  49. CSPF 8, 414

  50. CSP Scotland 2, 390

  51. CSP Simancas 1, 361

  52. CSP Simancas 1, 362

  53. CSPF 8, 498

  54. CSPF 8, 552; NA SP 52/12, ff.180–81

  55. Lisle TFS, 339

  56. CSPF 8, 706

  57. CSP Simancas 1, 365

  58. CSP Simancas 1, 366

  59. NA SP 52/12, ff.180–81

  60. This information was divulged some months later by William Rogers, and reported by Randolph to Cecil on January 15, 1567 (NA SP 52/12, f.122).

  61. Macauley, 177

  62. CSP Simancas 1, 367

  63. CSP Simancas 1, 368

  64. Keith 2, 448–52, 467

  65. NAS GD 220/1, 194

  66. CSP Simancas 1, 386

  67. CSP Simancas 1, 402

  68. CSPF 8, 885

  69. Mahon, 124

  70. NA SP 52/13, f.5

  71. CSP Simancas 1, 405

  72. CSPF 8, 960

  73. Mumby, 157

  17. “Horrible and Abominable Murder”

  1. For a full account of the murder of Darnley, see my Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Murder of Lord Darnley.

  2. Register of the Privy Council of Scotland 1, 498

  3. CSP Simancas 1, 407

  4. CSPF 8, 977

  5. CSP Simancas 1, 408

  6. Cecil Papers, Cecil to Sir Henry Norris, February 20, 1567; CSP Simancas 1, 408

  7. Ibid. (both sources)

  8. Ibid.

  9. Ibid.

  10. CSP Venice 7, 383

  11. CSP Venice 7, 384

  12. CSP Scotland 2, 478

  13. NA SP 59/12, f.202

  14. Cecil Papers, Cecil to Sir Henry Norris, February 20, 1567; Fraser 1, 447; Marshall QMW, 117

  15. Cloake

  16. CSP Simancas 1, 408

  17. Dunn, 350; Bingham, 184

  18. CSPF 8, 953

  19. CSP Simancas 1, 408
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  20. John Phillips

  21. NA SP 52/13, f.30

  22. Cotton MS. Caligula B.X, f.408

  23. CSP Haynes, 177

  24. CSP Scotland 2, 477

  25. CSP Scotland 2, 488

  26. CSP Simancas 1, 413

  27. Cotton MS. Caligula B.X, f.410

  28. CSP Simancas 1, 409

  29. CSPF 8, 997

  30. CSP Scotland 2, 481; CSPF 8, 1001

  31. CSPD Elizabeth 42, 12

  32. Gayley

  33. CSPF 8, 1061

  34. CSP Scotland 2, 488

  35. Cotton MS. Caligula B.X, f.412

  36. Merriman ODNB

  37. Sloane MS. 3199, ff.8–9

  38. Macauley, 182

  39. CSPF 8, 1061

  40. CSPF 8, 1059

  41. CSPF 8, 1079

  42. Calderwood 2, 349

  43. Calderwood 2, 350

  44. CSPF 8, 1097; CSP Simancas 1, 417

  45. CSP Scotland 2, 488

  46. NA SP 52/13, f.76; Macauley, 185

  47. CSP Simancas 1, 417

  48. CSP Simancas 1, 418, 422

  49. CSPF 8, 1100

  50. CSP Scotland 2, 495. Loch Gairloch is on the River Clyde.

  51. Sitwell, 252

  52. CSP Simancas 1, 420

  53. CSP Simancas 1, 422

  54. Ibid.

  55. CSP Scotland 2, 513; CSPF 8, 1277

  56. CSP Simancas 1, 426

  57. Ibid.

  58. CSP Simancas 1, 427

  59. The first reference to this is dated August 6, but the Lennoxes were certainly in residence by the end of June (NA SP 12/43, f.79; Marshall ODNB).

  60. Thornbury; Weir EY. Coldharbour was burned down in 1666 during the Great Fire of London. Its site is now occupied by 89 Upper Thames Street.

  61. CSPF 8, 1340

  62. NA SP 52/13, ff.139, 148

  63. CSP Simancas 1, 428

  64. CSP Simancas 1, 429

  65. CSP Scotland 2, 543; CSPF 8, 1379

  66. CSPD Elizabeth 43, 22

  67. CSP Venice 7, 395

  68. Elizabeth I was entertained at Corney House in 1602. It was sold by the Russells in the 1660s, when it was rebuilt. The later house was demolished in 1832 (VCH Middlesex).

  69. CSP Simancas 1, 434

  70. CSPD Elizabeth 43, 37

  71. CSP Simancas 1, 438

  72. Macauley, 194

  73. Now in the Royal Collection at the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh.

  74. Ashdown TR, picture caption

  75. Marshall QMW, 118

  76. Strickland, LQS 2, 119, suggests that the setting is the Catholic chapel at Settrington, but the Lennoxes had not yet returned there when the picture was painted.

  77. There is an eighteenth-century engraving of it by George Vertue in West Sussex Record Office at Chichester (Goodwood MS. PD/85).

  78. Stowe MS. 157, ff.16, 28; West Sussex Record Office, Goodwood MS. PD/85; Macauley, 188; Millar TSEGP, 75; Marshall QMW, 118–19; Bingham, 194